BIOL 141 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Metaphase, Asexual Reproduction, Karyotype

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7 Dec 2017

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Explain the changes in the chromosome structure and number throughout the cycle. Describe the 4 stages of the cell cycle. Diploid (2n) - a term used to indicate the presence of one set of chromosomes from each parent. In humans this means 2*23 = 46 chromosomes. In humans, each chromosome (with the exception of the x and y) are homologous to another. Haploid (n) - a term used to indicate the presence of only one (or half the diploid) set of chromosomes. In humans this is 23, and the only haploid cells are the gametes or sex cells (sperm and egg) which fuse with one another. Homologous chromosomes - similar chromosomes, carrying the same genes in the same order, but not necessarily with the same alleles for each trait. I. e. one chromosome in a homologous pair may code for blue eyes, and the other green eyes.

Related Questions

1. Does the parent cell in Mitosis start off as diploid or haploid? Are the resulting cells at the end of Mitosis diploid or haploid?

2.Does the parent cell in Meiosis start off as diploid or haploid? Are the resulting cells at the end of Meiosis diploid or haploid?

3.How does the number of chromosomes in sperm/egg compare with the number of chromosomes in the parent cell?

1. Identify whether each process below occurs during mitosis, meiosis,or both.

b. Haploid cells are formed -

c. Cell division occurs only once

d. Homologous chromosomes pair

e. 4 haploid cells are the final result

g. Cell division occurs twice -

h. Replicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

i. 2 diploid cells are the final result _

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 1 options:

	gamete
	somatic cells
	zygote
	sexual reproduction

1.	Reproductive life cycle that involves an alternation between haploid and diploid cells
2.	A single cell with a diploid number of chromosomes resulting from the fusion of an egg and a sperm.
3.	Cells (egg or sperm) resulting from a meiotic division of germ-line cells
4.	The non-reproductive cells found in embryos and mature individuals

Question 2 (5 points)

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 2 options:

	syngamy
	haploid
	meiosis
	diploid
	germ-line cells

1.	The cells that will eventually undergo meiosis to produce gametes.
2.	The number of chromosomes found in gametes (eggs or sperm).
3.	The process by which two haploid gametes fuse to form a new diploid cell.
4.	A specialized reduction division that produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
5.	Two sets of chromosomes present in the somatic cells of adult individuals.

What is the purpose of meiosis?

To enable an organism to produce gametes

To allow for growth

To allow an organism to replace damaged cells

Question 2

Select one answer.

10 points

Mitosis results in ________ and meiosis results in ________.

gametes, somatic cells

gametes, gametes

somatic cells, somatic cells

somatic cells, gametes

Question 3

Select one answer.

10 points

Which of the following tasks is accomplished through the processof meiosis?

Cell growth

Production of sperm or eggs

Replacement of dysfunctional cells

Question 4

Select one answer.

10 points

What advantage does sexual reproduction have over asexualreproduction?

All other selections are true.

Sexual reproduction provides more genetic variability

Sexual reproduction doubles the number of chromosomes in aspecies

Sexual reproduction is more efficient

Question 5

Select one answer.

10 points

Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes during whatstage of cell division? (Read each option carefully.)

Prophase I of meiosis

Prophase of mitosis

Prophase II of meiosis

Interphase

Question 6

Select one answer.

10 points

Corn has 20 chromosomes. When corn undergoes meiosis how manychromosomes are found in the gametes?

Question 7

Select one answer.

10 points

Homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite sidesof the cell during what stage of cell division? (Read each optioncarefully.)

Metaphase I of meiosis

Anaphase II of meiosis

Anaphase I of meiosis

Anaphase of mitosis

Question 8

Select one answer.

10 points

Mitosis results in ______ cells and meiosis results in _______cells.

diploid, haploid

haploid, diploid

diploid, diploid

haploid, haploid

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BIOL 141 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Metaphase, Asexual Reproduction, Karyotype

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