CSCI 2400 Lecture 5: Slides 05
9 Feb 2019
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Document Summary
Backwards compatible up until 8086, introduced in 1978. Added more features as time goes on. Many different instructions with many different formats. But, only small subset encountered with linux programs. Hard to match performance of reduced instruction set computers (ris) In terms of speed, less so for low power. Instructions to enable more efficient conditional operations. Transition form 32 bits to 64 bits. Process technology dimension = width of narrowest wires (10nm 100 atoms wide) Recruited top circuit designers from digital equipment corp. and other downward trending companies. Built opteron: tough competitor to pentium 4. Developed x86-64, their own extension to 64 bits. 2001: intel attempts radical shift from ia32 to ia64. Hard to admit mistake or that amd is better. But, lots of code still runs in 32-bit mode. The parts of a processor design that one needs to understand for writing correct machine/assembly code. Machine code: the byte-level programs that a processor executes.
