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Refers to territory & sovereignty exercised in and over that particular territory. Organization is given by nature and not by the people living together. Roberts: state requires: supreme authority, defined territory, recognisability, able to enforce decisions, nation: Refers to people and people feeling as one community. > political institutional and ethnic cultural principles merge. > territory possibility of autonomy and independence. Example: roma: difficult to argue if they are a nation = kind of in between: two different forms of nations: Nation emerged separately from the state; nation building preceded state building. State was not necessary to create the community. Founded on objective heritage (e. g. culture, language, tradition, religion, history) Tends to be more problematic, leading to conflicts (integral nationalism) Political nation state building + nation building process went hand in hand. Based on defined territory, later on a sovereign state. Common culture not necessary for formation of nation. Interconnected with liberal concepts (e. g. equality before the law, parliamentary system)

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