GEN-3000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Zygosity, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Aneuploidy
7 Dec 2020
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Document Summary
Introduction: cancer: products derived from mutated or abnormally expressed genes. Second common cause of death in western countries. Genetic disease at somatic level, characterized by gene. Some inherited, most are created within somatic cells that divide. Gene targeted therapies will replace chemotherapies within 25 and form tumors years. Genomic alternations found in cancer cells: single-nucleotide substitutions, large-scale chromosome rearrangements, amplifications and deletions. Cancer caused by mutations in somatic cells: only 5% of cancers are associated with germ-line mutations, figure 19-1. Figure 19-1 (a) spectral karyotype of a normal cell. (b) karyotype of a cancer cell showing translocations, deletions, and aneuploidy characteristic features of cancer cells. Two fundamental properties of cancer cells: defects in normal restraints that keep cells from spreading. Normal cells have functions tightly controlled by genes expressed and colonizing other parts of body properly. Metastasis: abnormal cell growth and division. Tumors: benign verses malignant: uncontrolled cell proliferation and metastatic spread makes cancer, benign tumors: dangerous.
