GEN-3000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Progeria, Reverse Transcriptase, Telomere
15 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Double stranded dna loops around 8 histones twice, forming the nucleosome, which is the building block of chromatin packaging. Chromatin fibers form by coiling of nucleosomes that are condensed during mitosis. Lowest energy state for b-dna (just means double stranded) Dna is wound twice around each nucleosome. Scaffolding proteins proteins that give dna its dna look . Structure must change to allow access to dna. Histone tails (look like little arms) - are targets for binding. Neutralizes positive charge = relaxes histone hold, euchromatic. Allows dna to open up for transcription. Shutting down dna (depending on where you methylate) Methylation and phosphorylation - can fix genes in the off position. Stain certain precise areas of chromosome in order to determine where a-t/c-g binding. We can identify where this happens based off of banding pattern. Tells if there has been a switch where the gene is located. Can find two of the same chromosomes by their standing pattern.
