BIOL-1030 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Energy Returned On Energy Invested, Cytosol, Redox

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7 Mar 2018

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Study guide lecture 13: four stages of aerobic respiration: Citric acid cycle- takes place within the mitochondria. Aerobic respiration- respiration that has oxygen as its final electron acceptor; uses oxygen. Citric acid cycle- 2 atp for every glucose. Steps 1-4 is the energy investment phase of glycolysis. Step 1: glucose is energized using atp and then becomes glucose 6-phosphate. Step 3: atp is added and turns into adp and fructose 6-phosphate becomes fructose. Step 4: fructose 1,6-bisphosphate splits into two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate. Steps 5-9 are the energy payoff phases. (happens twice- one for each molecule of g3p) Step 5: a redox reaction generates nadh with a transfer of two hydrogen atoms as gep is oxidized and nad+ is reduced to nadh. Step 6: enough energy from oxidation was released to attach a phosphate group to the substrate to form atp. Step 8: water is released and 2-phosphoglycerate is turned into phosphoenol pyruvate.

Related Questions

Which of the following accurately describe difference(s) between oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation during aerobic respiration in eukaryotes?

	a.	Oxidative phosphorylation relies on energy initially derived from redox reactions to power ATP synthase, and substrate-level phosphorylation relies on enzymatic reactions to phosphorylate ADP.
	b.	Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane and substrate-level phosphorylation only occurs in the cytosol.
	c.	Oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen as a substrate and substrate-level phosphorylation uses phosphate.
	d.	Oxidative phosphorylation takes place during glycolysis and the electron transport chain and substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during the citric acid cycle and chemiosmosis.
	e.	Oxidative phosphorylation produces less ATP than substrate-level phosphorylation.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration (getting energy from food) involves four steps: Glycolysis, the Intermediate Acetyl CoA Reaction (Prep Reaction), the Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. State:

where each of the four steps takes place in a cell

how many ATP are generated at each step, if at all

what is the starting (ie. glucose or pyruvate) and ending substance for each step

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Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

	A.	Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.
	B.	Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.
	C.	Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.

Question 2

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

	A.	They produce glucose
	B.	The energy is coupled to oxygen
	C.	They produce ATP

Question 3

During redox reactions

	A.	the loss of electrons from one molecule is called reduction
	B.	electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance
	C.	protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule

Question 4

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.

	A.	gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen
	B.	loss of electrons; gain of electrons
	C.	gain of protons; loss of protons

Question 5

During cellular respiration, NADH

	A.	delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule.
	B.	is chemically converted into ATP
	C.	is the final electron acceptor

Question 6

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit

	A.	the citric acid cycle only.
	B.	glycolysis only
	C.	the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

	A.	glycolysis
	B.	the citric acid cycle
	C.	electron transport chain

Question 8

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

	A.	production of CO2
	B.	a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule
	C.	conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds

BIOL-1030 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Energy Returned On Energy Invested, Cytosol, Redox

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