BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Water Potential, Stoma, Osmosis

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kurtzkm

11 Apr 2019

School

College of Charleston

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 112

Professor

Harold

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Document Summary

Two conditions: stomata are open and the air surrounding the leaves is drier than the air inside the leaves. Potential energy that water has in a particular environment compared with the potential energy of pure water at room temp and atmospheric pressure. Differences in water potential determine the direction that water moves. Net movement of water is always from higher water potential to lower water potential. Solution: homogeneous liquid mixture containing several substances. Solutes: solution consists of water and dissolved substances. Solute potential: the tendency of water to move by osmosis. Isotonic solution: no net movement of water. Hypotonic solution: net movement of water into cell. Solutions with high concentrations of solutes have low solute potentials. Pressure potential: the tendency of water to move in response to pressure. Turgor pressure: expanding volume of cell pushes membrane out. Counteracts the movement of water into cells by osmosis. Wall pressure: stiff cell wall pushes back with equal and opposite force.

Related Questions

A hypertonic solution has a higher level of solutes so the water moves out of the cells to the surroundings

A hypotonic solution has a higher level of solutes so the water moves out of the cells to the surroundings

The salt and water solution in the potato is a hypotonic solution

Osmosis is the movement of large molecules across a membrane which require embedded proteins

The plain water in this experiment is the solvent and the salt is the solute.

Passive transport requires no energy and the molecules move with the concentration gradient or from high concentration to low concentration

Active transport required no energy and the molecules move with the concentration gradient or from high concentration to low concentration.

The water on the inside of the potato with the salt molecules is an isotonic solution the same as the solution on the outside of the potato.

Water will not move by simple diffusion (osmosis) into or out of cells it requires energy or protein transporters

The solution of salt water in the potato has a lower concentration of water molecules so the water on the outside should move into the cells

1,Match the descriptions to the type of transport.

- A. B. C.	Water enters a cell because it is hypertonic compared to the extracellular environment, increasing its turgor pressure
- A. B. C.	Water enters guard cells because the guard cells are hypertonic compared to the surrounding cells
- A. B. C.	Potassium ions are pumped into guard cells
- A. B. C.	The motor cells of a Venus fly trap are hypotonic compared to surrounding cells, causing water to leave the motor cells
- A. B. C.	Sugar is loaded into the phloem

A.	Both active and passive transport
B.	Passive Transport
C.	Active transport

2,Describe what is wrong with the following statement and explain why:

All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, organelles, cytoplasm, and cell walls.

What is short-distance transport?

	a,	The movement of solutes from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration
		b,The movement of water, nutrients, and other substances between cells
c,		The movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
d,		The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.

What terms describe the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration towards a region of low water concentration (and high solute concentration.)

What is found in the proptoplasm?

Cell wall, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, nucleus, and other cell organelles

Plasmodesmata, cell wall, and plasma membrane

Cell wall, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

Cytoplasm, nucleus, and other cell organelles

The channels that allow nutrients and protoplasm to pass between plant cells are called _________________.

What happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

Water will enter the plant cell and the plasma membrane will swell and cell lysis will occur

Water will leave the plant cell and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell and plasmolysis will occur

Water will enter the plant cell and the plasma membrane will swell and push against the cell wall

Water will leave the plant cell and the plant cell will lose turgor pressure, causing the plant to wilt

________________ transport uses cellular energy.

What molecules make plasma cell membranes hydrophilic on the outside and hydrophobic on the inside?

What type of cells do plants have?

		Bacterial
		Archaeic
		Eukaryotic
		Prokaryotic

True or False: The solution of salt water inside of the hollowpotato has a lower concentration of water molecules so the water onthe outside of the potato should move into the potato cells. Or thewater molecules inside of the grape or pea will move to the outsidewhere there are fewer water molecules and more salt.

True or False: The water on the inside of the potato with thesalt molecules is an isotonic solution the same as the solution onthe outside of the potato.

True or False: Water will not move by simple diffusion (osmosis)into or out of cells it requires energy or proteintransporters.

T or F The salt and water solution inside of the hollow potatois a hypotonic solution.

T or F: Osmosis is the movement of large molecules across a semipermeable membrane which require embedded proteins.

T or F The plain water in this experiment is the solvent and thesalt is the solute.

T or F Active transport requires no energy and the moleculesmove with the concentration gradient from low concentration to ahigh concentration.

T/F Passive transport requires no energy and the molecules movewith the concentration gradient or from high concentration to lowconcentration

T/F A hypotonic solution has a higher level of solutes so thewater moves out of the cells to the surroundings.

T/F A hypertonic solution has a higher level of solutes so thewater moves out of the cells to the surroundings.

Why does a slug die when you put salt on her/him? (Think aboutwhat happened in this lab) :

A. The salt on the outside of the slug causes the water frominside of the cells to move out of the cells. The dehydration ofthe slug causes death

B. The slug does not die but becomes enlarged from the movementof water into the slug cells caused by a hypertonic solution

C. The salt and moisture on the outside of the slug cause anisotonic state and the water leaves the slug quickly byosmosis.

D. Sigh. The poor slug, sacrificed for science by many youngnature lovers around the world. Obviously this happens as theoutside solution is hypotonic and the inside of the slug's cellsare hypertonic. Energy is used for active transport leading toosmosis.

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BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Water Potential, Stoma, Osmosis

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