CAS BI 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Amniotic Sac, Anterior Pituitary, Luteinizing Hormone

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1 Jul 2018

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I. Female anatomy

A. Ovaries make gametes

B. Uterus house fetus

C. Fallopian tubes - transport egg to uterus, place of fertilization

D. Vagina - entrance/exit

E. Cervix - vagina to uterus door (dilates 10 cm)

II. Gamete production

A. Oocytes in ovaries - encased in follicles - stuck in midway point of meiosis

B. Produced during fetal period - has all eggs she can have

C. Each month, few mature, one that matures fastest is released and others die -

survival of the fittest- pick best

D. Oocyte - antrum (fluid) granulosa cells - theca

E. First 14 days

E.1. Follicular phase - follicle development (ovary)

E.1.a) 15-20 mature

E.1.b) Granuosa and theca cells create antrum fluid and also

endocrine cells - secrete estrogen into blood and antrum

E.1.c) Antrum fluid lets oocyte jet away when hole is ripped -

ovulation

E.1.d) End of 14 days is ovulation

E.2. Proliferative phase - mitosis in endometrium (uterus)

F. 2nd half

F.1. Luteal phase - corpus lutaem (ovary)

F.1.a) HCG released by embryo (fertilized) which signals corpus

luteum to stay alive as endocrine organ - secretes progesterone

F.1.b) Whole case is left in ovary and function in second half of

menstruation - corpus luteum - makes steroid hormones - both

estrogen and progesterone

F.1.c) Only corpus making estrogen - other oocytes die so not

making estrogen - estrogen dec - prog dominant

(F.1.c.1) If fertilized - estrogen at end kind of picks up a little,

if not both dec

F.1.d) If no fertilization, corpus luteum dies

F.2. Secretory phase - enrich with nutrients (uterus)

F.2.a) Lack of progesterone causes blood vessels to coil- spiral

arteries- and doesnt let nutrients go to endometrium causing it to

die off

III. Hormones

A. Estrogen

A.1. Prepare breasts for milk, uterine lining increase, uterine lining

secrete nutrients

B. Progesterone

B.1. Maintain lining - prevent shedding

IV. Uterus

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Document Summary

Female anatomy: ovaries make gametes, uterus house fetus, fallopian tubes - transport egg to uterus, place of fertilization, vagina - entrance/exit, cervix - vagina to uterus door (dilates 10 cm) Granuosa and theca cells create antrum fluid and also endocrine cells - secrete estrogen into blood and antrum. Antrum fluid lets oocyte jet away when hole is ripped - ovulation. Hcg released by embryo (fertilized) which signals corpus luteum to stay alive as endocrine organ - secretes progesterone. Whole case is left in ovary and function in second half of menstruation - corpus luteum - makes steroid hormones - both estrogen and progesterone. Only corpus making estrogen - other oocytes die so not making estrogen - estrogen dec - prog dominant (f. 1. c. 1) If fertilized - estrogen at end kind of picks up a little, Lack of progesterone causes blood vessels to coil- spiral arteries- and doesnt let nutrients go to endometrium causing it to die off.

Related Questions

Terms: 1, 14, 28, corpus luteum, estradiol, follicular,GnRH, inhibitory, LH surge, luteal, ovulatory, progesterone,regresses, stimulatory

The ovarian cycle refers to the recurrent, cyclic changes inhormone secretion and follicle/oocyte development that occurroughly every 28 days in the 'typical' woman. The ovarian cycle canbroadly be divided into 3 sequential phases, the first, or_____________ phase which precedes or comes before release of theegg, the middle or ____________ phase during which the egg isactually released, and the final or _______________ phase whichcomes after the egg is released and lasts until the next cyclebegins.

Day 1 of the follicular phase marks the beginning of a newcycle. During the follicular phase, as the name implies, a 'cohort'or small group of follicles (i.e. the structures in the ovary inwhich the oocytes are maturing) begin to grow, develop and preparetheir oocytes for release in response to FSH stimulation from theanterior pituitary. These follicles are the main hormone-secretingstructures in the ovary and the main hormone they are secreting is____________. Early in the phase, when estrogen levels are low, theestrogen exerts ____________feedback control on thehypothalamic-pituitary axis and keep GnRH, LH and FSH levelsrelatively low. Eventually, a single follicle assumes dominance,outgrows and out develops the others, and begins to secrete largerand larger amounts of estrogen. When estrogen levels becomesufficiently high, estrogen's effect at the hypothalamus becomestransiently ______________, causing increases in GnRH secretionthat trigger a mid-cycle _______________.

Right around mid-cycle or around day _________ of the 'typical'__________ day long cycle, under the influence of high levels of LHproduced by the LH surge, the wall of the dominant follicle thinsand eventually ruptures, releasing the egg. This release of the eggis termed ovulation, hence the portion of the cycle immediatelypreceding and including ovulation is termed the ovulatory phase.Another effect of LH is that it luteinizes the follicle, producingchanges in the follicle cells that enable the granulosa cells tosecrete ____________ in addition to estratiol.

The final phase of the ovarian cycle, the luteal phase, beginsimmediately after ovulation and lasts until day 1 of the nextcycle. The luteal phase is characterize by the presence andfunctioning of a _____________. This is the name for the structurethat develops from the follicle after it has lost its egg. Theremainder of the follicle involutes or falls in upon itself,becomes highly vascularized and its luteinized' cells secrete highconcentrations of progesterone in addition to estradiol. Theprogesterone exerts an overriding inhibitory effect on hypothalamic__________ secretion at this time. In the absence of pregnancy, theCL will remain highly active for ~12 days before it __________, orbegins to die off and cease its hormone-secreting activities. CLregression causes a rapid drop in the concentrations of estrogenand progesterone secretion over the next 2 days that will result inshedding of the endometrial lining of the uterus and menstruation.Day 1 of menstruation coincides with and serves as the externalindicator that day _________ of a new ovarian cycle has begun.

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CAS BI 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Amniotic Sac, Anterior Pituitary, Luteinizing Hormone

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