CAS BI 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Nernst Equation, Exocytosis, Efferent Nerve Fiber
![](https://new-preview-html.oneclass.com/v6Ge8MR2BlKJN5b54R3qQXADzaqOkdgW/bg1.png)
Membrane and Action Potentials
I. Neurons
A. has 5,000-50,000 dendrites
B. Every axon terminal can connect to other cells
1. More terminals = more connections
C. Efficient communication over short or long distances
D. Electrical signals within neuron
E. Chemical signals between
F. Neuron = single nerve cell = nerve fiber
G. Nerve = collection of axons outside of brain/spinal cord
H. dendrites/cell boddy receive info (signals/stimuli)
I. Transmit electrical signal along axon, reaches end of acon, triggers release of
chemical (neurotransmitter/NT) -- communicates with another neuron or muscle
cell
II. Neuron function
A. Neurons connect brain to organs, skin, muscles
B. Only send signals in 1 direction, electrical signals within, protein signals between
C. Sensory neuron → interneuron → efferent neuron
III. Glial Cells
A. 9 types of cells
B. “Glue” - not true has roles
C. Mice in maze study - mice with human glial cells figure out maze and decrease
anxious behavior faster
IV. Electricity
A. Movement of ions
B. If we can separate + and - charges, we can generate electricity
C. Na+/K+ pump and membrane
D. Core concepts
1. Opp attract, like repel
2. Electrical difference btw 2 pts = potential to do work aka potential energy
3. Resistance = barriers to flow
4. Movement of ions = current
V. Ohm’s Law
A. I=V/R
B. Current = voltage/resistance
C. Current proportional to voltage bc more movement if greater diff btw 2 places
D. I inverse to resistance bc current slower if more resistance
VI. Inside cell
A. Lots of phosphorylated groups = net - charge
1. Lots of potassium
B. Extracellular = mixed
C. Neuron rest = 70 mV
VII. Charge separation
A. Equilibrium refers to concentration
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Neuron function: neurons connect brain to organs, skin, muscles, only send signals in 1 direction, electrical signals within, protein signals between, sensory neuron interneuron efferent neuron. Glial cells: 9 types of cells, glue - not true has roles, mice in maze study - mice with human glial cells figure out maze and decrease anxious behavior faster. Inside cell: lots of phosphorylated groups = net - charge, lots of potassium, extracellular = mixed, neuron rest = 70 mv. Charge separation: equilibrium refers to concentration, polarized = charge, hyperpolarized = more neg inside, more pos outside. Nernst equation: eion = (61/z) log (cout/cin, goldman-hodgkin-katz equation, takes into account individual ion permeabilities (p, k+ has leak channels = rmp closer to ep k+ than ep na+ Rmp summary: due to na+/k= pump, closer to ep k= bc leak channels. Gated channels: mechanically and chemically gated create small depolarizing events, voltage gated responds to voltage change and allow massive depolarization.