Log in
HomeClass Notes1,200,000US530,000

PR 660 Lecture Notes - Lecture 59: Interpersonal Communication, Job Satisfaction

6 views4 pages
School
Ball State University
Department
Public Relations
Course
PR 660
Professor
Becky McDonald

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

The diffusion of innovation is normally done so at different rates. The diffusion of information is based on innovation characteristics and target publics. The heart of the process of pr is the decisions that practitioners make about their organization"s chosen target public and people that determine the success of an organization. Practitioners have to identify their target public accurately and analyze the target publics wants, needs, and interests to effectively create messages for them. Pr practitioners are also responsible for determining the best way their organization should communicate and relay those messages, whether it"s through the mass media or by interpersonal communication (by using opinion leaders) It"s critical that pr is involved in the diffusion process because of those functions. To introduce your innovations in the most effective way, pr practitioners should use professionals who are experts in marketing and advertising so they dan fully develop a plan of communication targeted to creating awareness of their innovation.

Get access

Grade+
$40 USD/m
Billed monthly
Grade+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
10 Verified Answers
Class+
$30 USD/m
Billed monthly
Class+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
7 Verified Answers

Related Documents

PR 660 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Strategic Management
periwinklemammoth360
PR 660 Lecture Notes - Lecture 68: Wrench, Market Environment, Organizational Culture
periwinklemammoth360
PR 660 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: James E. Grunig, Participatory Democracy
periwinklemammoth360

Related Questions

Match the definitions or complete the statements in the first part of the quiz with the appropriate terms found in the second part.

Definitions/Statements

1. _____ refers to marketers’ focus on a product rather than on the needs of the market.

2. _____ companies do not try to persuade consumers to buy what the firm has already produced, but rather to produce only products that they know they can sell, thereby satisfying consumers’ needs and turning them into loyal customers.

3. The impact of technology on buyer behavior relates to factors such as ____; the use of technology to engage customers and build relationships; customization of products and promotional messages; and better prices and distribution.

4. In the case of situational influences, this relates to the situation in which or the occasion on which the product will be used, e.g., special occasion or everyday use.

5. In the case of situational influences, this relates to the fact if we are in a store, point-of-purchase displays could influence us to buy something. We could also make unplanned purchases because we remembered something from seeing the brand while we are in the store.

6. This discipline on which consumer researchers draw focuses on society and large groups in society such as family and social class.

7. This discipline on which consumer researchers draw focuses on cultures and differences among cultures.

8. These are temporary circumstances that affect consumer purchase decisions.

9. In the case of situational influences, this refers to the fact that the person and the occasion for which we are buying something influence our purchase decisions.

10. According to the simple model of consumer decision making, reference groups, family, social class, culture, and subculture are among the _____ on buyer behavior.

11. According to the simple model of consumer decision making, motivation, personality trait, perception, and attitudes are among the _____ on buyer behavior.

12. According to the simple model of consumer decision making, advertising, buzz agents, customized messages, social media, and word-of-mouth are examples of ____.

13. This discipline on which consumer researchers draw focuses on behavior in small groups and helps consumer researchers to understand issues such as opinion leadership, diffusion of innovations, and communication.

14. In the case of situational influences, ______ are consumer mood states or physiological state (for example, hunger, thirst) that influence consumer decision-making.

15. The selection of one or more segments by a marketer to serve.

16. Developing a distinct image for a brand in the mind of consumers.

17. This is an effort by a marketer to change the existing perception that consumers have of a brand.

19. ___ segmentation involves segmenting based on variables such as urban, rural, suburb, state, cities, counties, and regions.

20. ____ segmentation is based on variables such as consumers’ lifestyles as indicated by their activities, interests, and opinions.

21. This criterion for effective targeting says that marketers should have some way of deciding which consumers fall into which segments.

22. This criterion for effective targeting says that marketers should be able to reach segments with appropriate media and distribution channels.

23. This is the most popular segmentation system combining lifestyles and values of consumers.

24. This household segmentation model is based on a combination of geographic and demographic information and the principle that “Birds of a feather flock together.”

25. ______ is defined as “sending consumers personalized and prompt offers and promotional messages designed to reach the right consumers and deliver to them highly relevant messages at the right time and more accurately than when using conventional segmentation techniques.”

Terms

A. Positioning

B. Accessibility

C. Anthropology

D. Situational influences

E. Consumption situation

F. Task definition

G. Identification

H. Marketing-oriented

I. Targeting

J. Psychographic

K. Marketing myopia

L. PRIZM

M. Interactive and novel communication channels

N. Sociology

O. Demographic

P. Purchase situation

Q. Behavioral targeting

R. Antecedent states

S. Communication sources

T. Geographic

U. Sociocultural influences

V. VALS

W. Psychological influences

X. Social psychology

Y. Repositioning

Match the definitions or complete the statements in the first part of the quiz with the appropriate terms found in the second part.

Definitions/Statements

1. _____ refers to marketers’ focus on a product rather than on the needs of the market.

2. _____ companies do not try to persuade consumers to buy what the firm has already produced, but rather to produce only products that they know they can sell, thereby satisfying consumers’ needs and turning them into loyal customers. 3. The impact of technology on buyer behavior relates to factors such as ____; the use of technology to engage customers and build relationships; customization of products and promotional messages; and better prices and distribution.

4. In the case of situational influences, this relates to the situation in which or the occasion on which the product will be used, e.g., special occasion or everyday use.

5. In the case of situational influences, this relates to the fact if we are in a store, point-of-purchase displays could influence us to buy something. We could also make unplanned purchases because we remembered something from seeing the brand while we are in the store.

6. This discipline on which consumer researchers draw focuses on society and large groups in society such as family and social class.

7. This discipline on which consumer researchers draw focuses on cultures and differences among cultures.

8. These are temporary circumstances that affect consumer purchase decisions.

9. In the case of situational influences, this refers to the fact that the person and the occasion for which we are buying something influence our purchase decisions.

10. According to the simple model of consumer decision making, reference groups, family, social class, culture, and subculture are among the _____ on buyer behavior.

11. According to the simple model of consumer decision making, motivation, personality trait, perception, and attitudes are among the _____ on buyer behavior.

12. According to the simple model of consumer decision making, advertising, buzz agents, customized messages, social media, and word-of-mouth are examples of ____.

13. This discipline on which consumer researchers draw focuses on behavior in small groups and helps consumer researchers to understand issues such as opinion leadership, diffusion of innovations, and communication.

14. In the case of situational influences, ______ are consumer mood states or physiological state (for example, hunger, thirst) that influence consumer decision-making.

15. The selection of one or more segments by a marketer to serve.

16. Developing a distinct image for a brand in the mind of consumers.

17. This is an effort by a marketer to change the existing perception that consumers have of a brand.

18. This is the primary type of segmentation for which the contents in an article entitled “Millennials overtake Baby Boomers as America’s largest generation” could be used.

(Link to article: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/25/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers/)

19. ___ segmentation involves segmenting based on variables such as urban, rural, suburb, state, cities, counties, and regions.

20. ____ segmentation is based on variables such as consumers’ lifestyles as indicated by their activities, interests, and opinions.

21. This criterion for effective targeting says that marketers should have some way of deciding which consumers fall into which segments.

22. This criterion for effective targeting says that marketers should be able to reach segments with appropriate media and distribution channels.

23. This is the most popular segmentation system combining lifestyles and values of consumers.

24. This household segmentation model is based on a combination of geographic and demographic information and the principle that “Birds of a feather flock together.”

25. ______ is defined as “sending consumers personalized and prompt offers and promotional messages designed to reach the right consumers and deliver to them highly relevant messages at the right time and more accurately than when using conventional segmentation techniques.”

Terms

A. Positioning

B. Accessibility

C. Anthropology

D. Situational influences

E. Consumption situation

F. Task definition

G. Identification

H. Marketing-oriented

I. Targeting

J. Psychographic

K. Marketing myopia

L. PRIZM

M. Interactive and novel communication channels

N. Sociology

O. Demographic

P. Purchase situation

Q. Behavioral targeting

R. Antecedent states

S. Communication sources

T. Geographic

U. Sociocultural influences

V. VALS

W. Psychological influences

X. Social psychology

Y. Repositioning

I need a diferent point of view and someones opinion on this article.

Reforming the U.S. system of collective bargaining Collective bargaining procedures and relationships between labor and management must reflect less conflict, more cooperation as the Nation's economy struggles to meet international competition and domestic needs D. QUINN MILLS Rules as a productivity drain Rules alone cannot ensure that an organization will perform well. They may keep it from dissolving into self-defeating open warfare, but often do not permit it to achieve its potential. An organization which depends upon adherence to a myriad of rules will always be vulnerable to competition from other organizations which operate in a more consensual and cooperative fashion, even when the latter have fewer resources. And, although an organization of rules may sometimes pull it-self together to respond to an emergency, this need not necessarily occur. It follows, then, that primary dependence on establishing and enforcing rules is a very poor way to run an economic enterprise. The existence of a multitude of rules, many of which attempt to "stretch the work" to maintain jobs in ways reminiscent of depression-era tactics, constrains productivity and raises costs. For example, maintenance classifications may prohibit an employee from doing incidental work outside the strict limits of his or her trade; multiple job classifications may exist even where a person in a single combined classification could do the work effectively, without undue effort and stress; and, job classifications may be perpetuated although technological change has rendered the incumbents' work trivial. Other restrictions may limit the amount of work a person may be assigned, such as permitting a mechanic to open only two flanges. The location of materials and inventory may be restricted by contract or past practice to retain jobs in now-inefficient areas of the plant. In some cases, rules may prohibit employees being assigned work during breaks, and simultaneously prohibit supervisors from doing the employees' work, so that emergencies occurring at coffee breaks or lunchtime cannot be legally handled under the agreement. Over time, rules tend to become increasingly costly and constraining as technology, materials, products, and other aspects of production change. Even rules which made great sense at first become out-of-date under changing conditions. But the rules are difficult to change, and particular employees may be further benefited the more outdated the rules become. Sometimes a company can pay a high price and "buy the rules out," or a union can persuade some workers to give up favored positions for the good of the membership as a group. But often, change cannot be accomplished without a bitter struggle between management and labor. Furthermore, the rule making process promotes a set of attitudes which are inimical to successful enterprise. The existence of the rulebook encourages both management and labor to assert their rights under the contract, rather than to attempt to work out problems. It gives rise to "shop-floor lawyers," rather than problem solvers. It fosters conflict and controversy. It undermines trust. To a large degree, it seems that unions have become captives of their origins. Born in adversity and conflict, they continued to act as opponents of management even when their strength had become much greater. In some instances, unions have created thickets of rules in which to immobilize management, just as spiders build webs to ensnare prey. But when the thickets of rules have crippled productivity, the unions have discovered themselves to be caught alongside management in the trap. Plants have declined in competitiveness, and jobs have been lost. The unions have discovered too late that a snare is no less a snare because they have set it themselves. A prescription for change In a recent survey conducted by the Harris organization, a majority of the general public professed the belief that unions contribute less than they once did to the growth and efficiency of business. Not surprisingly, only 15 percent of union leaders agreed with this judgment.' The need for unions to assist companies in the light of increased foreign competition is apparent to the public. To the inhabitants of the Snow Belt, it is similarly evident that unions should cooperate with local business to stem the outflow of industry and jobs to the South and West. Public perceptions of a productivity problem are supported by Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates, which show particularly sluggish growth in output per labor hour after 1973.3 Collective bargaining practiced primarily as rule making has become self-defeating for both unions and management. It interferes with management's efficient operation of the enterprise, and ensnares employees with legitimate grievances in a web of red tape. It also contributes to the vehemence of employer attempts to resist union organization drives. Study after study of U.S. managers has shown that managers fear the imposition of restrictive work practices far more than the higher wages and benefits which unionization may bring. Companies' efforts to make competitive operations out of older plants often fail because changes in current work rules take the form of additional complex rules which do not provide the flexibility needed to turn a facility around. What management really needs is fewer rules altogether, and willing cooperation from the work force. The union, for its side, needs a management sensitive to the needs of people. Both are very difficult to obtain in the U.S. labor relations environment.