PSYS 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Descriptive Statistics, Statistical Inference, Random Assignment
13 Apr 2017
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Experimenter measures to see whether manipulation had an effect. Correlation approach has no true iv or dv! Cause and effect: with an experiment- possible to infer. With random assignment and manipulation of independent variable. However, for both correlational and experimental design, there can always be a third variable. Confounds: any difference between the experimental and control groups, other than the independent variable; Placebo effect- improvement resulting from the mere expectation of improvement: subjects must be blind- unaware of whether they are in the experimental or control group, placebos show many of the same characteristics as real drugs. Experimenter expectancy effect- phenomenon in which researcher"s hypotheses lead them to unintentionally bias a study overcome: clever hans, the mathematical horse, rosenthal"s rat study. Double-blind design- neither researchers nor participants/ subjects know who is in the experimental or control group: designed to counteract experimental expectancy effects, self-esteem vs memory. Covert observation/ deception dangers: tuskegee study (1932 to 1972)
