NUTRI 130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Renal Osteodystrophy, Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Bleeding Time
6 Oct 2020
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Document Summary
Usually develop during the final stage of renal failure. Electrolyte imbalances may develop when gfr becomes extremely low: Hormonal adaptations occur to help regulate electrolyte levels. Increased aldosterone secretion helps to prevent increases in serum potassium levels but contributes fluid overload and hypertension. Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone keeps serum phosphate levels normal, but contributes to bone loss renal osteodystrophy. Develops during the final stages of ckd. Neuromuscular changes muscle cramping, twitching, restless leg syndrome. Impaired hormone synthesis erythropoietin anemia. Bleeding abnormalities defects in platelet function and clotting factors = prolonged bleeding time and bruising, gi bleed, and anemia. Cardiovascular disease risk hypertension, increased insulin resistance, and abnormal blood lipids elevated parathyroid hormone levels lead to calcification of blood vessels and heart tissue. Reduced immunity poor immune response prone to infection, a frequent cause of death. Anorexia believed to be a primary cause of poor food intake secondary to nausea and vomiting, restrictive diets, uremia and medications.
