HUMA 205 Lecture Notes - Hemoglobin, Collision Theory, Chemical Bond
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From Genes To Proteins:
1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘gene’ and describe the
rela?onship between a gene, a protein and an enzyme:
Basic physical unit of heredity, a linear sequence of nucleo?des
along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instruc?ons for
synthesis of RNA which can translate into protein and leads to the
expression of hereditary character
2. Describe the roles of the three main types of RNA:
Messenger RNA (`): carries gene?c informa?on from DNA to
ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA): brings amino acids to the ribosomes to
make the protein
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): makes up 2/3 of ribosomes where
protein synthesis takes place
3. Describe in detail the processes of transcrip?on and transla?on:
a. Transcrip?on: our body makes RNA through the help of an
enzyme RNA polymerase
b. RNA polymerase synthesis RNA using one of the DNA strands
as a template aKer a sec?on of DNA unwinds
c. It is a molecule of mRNA that is synthesised using
complementary base pairing with Uracil U replacing Thymine
T
d. The newly formed mRNA moves from inside the nucleus to
ribosomes in cytoplasm
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Document Summary
Osmolarity needs to be considered when a health professional is aaempng to replenish the bod uids of a person as too much soluon may cause the cells to burst. For example kci intravenous injecons can be fatal if the wrong osmolarity is given which can cause the gradient of potassium which is high concentraon in the cell and low concentraon outside the cell. A cell neither swells nor shrinks parcles than cells. A cell swells as water moves from the soluon into the cell by osmosis impermeable solute parcles than cells. Breakdown of a cell oken caused by enzymic, viral or osmoc mechanisms. Many species of bacteria are subject to enzyme lysozyme (saliva and egg white) which results in release of cell contents of cytoplasm into blood plasma. Hemolysis may occur in vivo and in vitro. Vivo: inside the blood vessels from pathological condions.
