PSYC 3140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 72: Heinz Hartmann, Erik Erikson, Word Association
9 May 2018
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PSYC 3140
Lecture 72
o Ego Psychology – the analysis of the ego for its own sake,
founded by Anna Freud
▪ Heinz Hartmann wrote Ego Psychology and the
Problem of Adaptation, in which he introduced the
concept of the “conflict-free ego sphere.”
• Hartman said that problems are often solved in
an open and adaptive manner, without regard to
the remnants of infantile experiences.
▪ Erik Erikson described how the ego gains strength as it
progresses through eight stages of psychosocial (not
psychosexual) development that occur over a person’s
lifetime.
• Incidentally, it was Anna Freud who analyzed
Erikson, qualifying him to become an analyst
himself.
Melanie Klein
• Klein deemphasized biological drives (sexual pleasure)
• Klein emphasized preOedipal development and the importance of
interpersonal relationships.
• Mother child relationship was especially important
o The earliest stage of the relationship focused on the mothers
breast
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