PSYC 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Prenatal Development, Ap Psychology
19 Feb 2017
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AP Psychology Outline
Chapter 11: Human Development across Lifespan
Red – Definition
Blue - Important Points
Green - Important People & Contributions
1. Development – Sequence of Age-Related Changes that occur as a Person Progresses from
Conception until Death.
2. Prenatal Development
a. Zygote – 1 Celled Organism formed by Union of Sperm and an Egg.
b. Prenatal Period – Period from Conception to Birth, usually 9 Months of Pregnancy.
3. Prenatal Development
a. Germinal Stage – First Phase of Prenatal Development, encompassing the first 2 Weeks
after Conception.
i. Placenta – Structure that allows Oxygen & Nutrients to pass into Fetus from the
Mother’s Bloodstream and Bodily Waste to Pass Out the Mother.
b. Embryonic Stage – Second Stage of Prenatal Development, lasting from 2 weeks to End
of Second Month.
i. Most Vital Organs are Formed.
c. Fetal Stage – Third Stage of Prenatal Development, lasting from 2 Months until Birth.
i. Muscles Form, and Bones harden.
ii. Age of Viability – Age at which a Baby can survive Pre-Mature Birth, about 22
– 26 Weeks.
4. Environmental Factors & Prenatal Development
a. Maternal Malnutrition – Malnutrition of Mother causes Baby to be more likely to have
health problems for rest of life.
b. Maternal Drug Use – Drugs used by Mother pass through Placenta to Baby and cause
many Birth Defects and Health Problems.
i. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome – Collection of Inborn Problems associated with
excessive Alcohol use during Pregnancy.
c. Maternal Illness – Many Illnesses contracted by Mother can be transmitted to Newborn.
i. Aids/HIV can pass from Mother to Newborn in Birth.
d. Parental Health Care – Less Parental Health Care for low-income group causes Many
problems for Babies.
5. Childhood
a. Motor Development – Progression of Muscular Coordination required for Physical
Activities.
b. Cephalocaudal Trend – Head–to–Foot direction of Motor Development.
c. Proximodistal Trend – Center–Outward Direction of Motor Development.
d. Maturation – Development that Reflects the Gradual Unfolding of one’s Genetic
Blueprint.
e. Developmental Norms – The Median Age at which Individuals display Various
Behaviors and Abilities.
f. Different Cultures develop specific Motor Skills Faster.
g. Differences on Temperament
i. Temperament – Characteristic Mood, Activity Level, and Emotional Reactivity.
ii. Longitudinal Design – Study One Group of Participants Repeatedly over a
Period of Time.
iii. Cross-Sectional Design – Study Compare Groups of Participants of Differing
Age at a Single Point in Time.
iv. Jerome Kagen – “Temperament at Childhood can change over a Lifetime.”
h. Attachment
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find more resources at oneclass.com
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