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ECON 3411 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Economic Equilibrium, Equilibrium Point, Demand Curve

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amberturtle73
27 Jul 2015
School
York University
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 3411
Professor
Qaiser Shadab

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Document Summary

This chapter explain six principal variables that determine the quantity demanded of a good. Derive a direct demand function from a general demand function. Distinguish between changes in quantity demanded (i. e. , a movement along demand) and changes in demand (i. e. , a shift in the demand curve) Work with three different types of supply relations: general, direct, and inverse supply functions. List six principal variables that determine the quantity supplied of a good. Distinguish between changes in quantity supplied (i. e. , a movement along supply) and changes in supply (i. e. , a shift in the supply curve) Explain why market equilibrium occurs at the price for which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied (i. e. , neither excess demand nor excess supply exist). Employ the concepts of consumer surplus, producer surplus, and social surplus to measure the gains to society from market exchange between buyers and sellers.

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Related Questions

The law of supply indicates that:
a. there is an inverse relation between price and quantity supplied.
b. there is a direct relation between price and quantity supplied.
c. there is an inverse relation between the cost of inputs and the quantity supplied.
d. none of the above.

Graphically, an increase in supply can be shown as:
a. a rightward shift of the supply curve.
b. a leftward shift of the supply curve.
c. a rightward and upward movement along the supply curve.
d. a leftward and downward movement along the supply curve.

The full price of a visit to a movie includes:
a. the price of the tickets.
b. transportation costs.
c. the opportunity cost of using time for this activity instead of the next-best alternative.
d. all of the above.

Consumers make decisions based on:
a. full prices.
b. money prices.
c. transaction costs.
d. absolute costs.

Quantity demanded is graphically represented by a ______, while demand is graphically represented by a _______.
a. line, point.
b. intersection, line.
c. point, line.
d. point, intersection.

Demand and Supply of Product X (per week)

price quantiy demanded quanity supplies surplus/shortage pressure on price
1 20 0
2 15 5
3 10 10
4 5 15
5 0 20

True or False?

1) The law of demand implies that an increase in the price of good will decrease the demand for that good.

2) The law of supply implies that an increase in the price of a good will increase the quantity supplied of that good.

3) A change in a non-price determinant of demand will result in the movement along a given demand curve.

4) An increase in supply is reflected graphically as a leftward shift of the supply curve.

5) There is no difference between changes in quantity demanded of beef and change in demand for beef. Justify your answer.

6) Because the price of milk was very high, my mother bought less cereal than usual.

7) Now that my uncle Thomas has an increase in income his household consumes less potatoes and cabbages.

8) Because the price of Pepsi cola fell, price of coca cola remaining the same, we bought many cans of coca cola last month.

The primary difference between a change in supply and a change in the quantity supplied is:
Choose one answer.
a. a change in quantity supplied is a shift in the supply curve, and a change in supply is a movement along the supply curve.
b. both a change in quantity supplied and a change in supply are movements along the supply curve, only in different directions.
c. a change in quantity supplied is a movement along the supply curve, and a change in supply is a shift of the supply curve.
d. a change in supply is a movement to the left along the supply curve and a change in quantity supplied is a movement to the right along the supply curve.

Question 2
What is the difference between a shortage and scarcity?
Choose one answer.
a. Scarcity will always exist because choices must be made, but a shortage will only exist if the price is kept below the equilibrium level.
b. Scarcity is a result of two or more alternative uses and will always exist, and quantities of supply and demand adjusting to flexible prices will create shortages.
c. A surplus will exist when a good is scarce; a shortage merely implies that there isn't as much of something as people would like, which is nearly always the case.
d. There is no distinction between the two. They are the same thing.

Question 3
A decrease in supply means:
Choose one answer.
a. a shift to the left of the entire supply curve.
b. moving downward (to the left) along the supply curve with lower prices.
c. less will be demanded at every price.
d. more will be supplied at every price.

Question 4
A decrease in demand, with no change in supply, will lead to ________ in equilibrium quantity and ________ in equilibrium price.
Choose one answer.
a. an increase; an increase
b. an increase; a decrease
c. a decrease; an increase
d. a decrease; a decrease

Question 5
After graduation from college you will receive a substantial increase in your income from a new job. If you decide that you will purchase more T-bone steak and less hamburger, then for you hamburger would be considered a( n ):
Choose one answer.
a. normal good.
b. substitute good.
c. complementary good.
d. inferior good.

Question 6
There is equilibrium in the market when:
Choose one answer.
a. there is no shortage.
b. there is no surplus.
c. price is established where the supply curve and the demand curve intersect.
d. all of the above are true.

Question 7
Which would not cause the supply curve to shift?
Choose one answer.
a. a change in technology
b. a change in factor costs
c. a change in the price of the good
d. a change in the prices of related goods

Question 8
Given that meat and potatoes are complementary goods, if the price of meat decreases substantially, there would be:
Choose one answer.
a. an increase in the demand for potatoes.
b. an increase in the quantity of potatoes demanded.
c. a decrease in the demand for potatoes.
d. no change in the demand for potatoes.

Question 9
Given that milk and cookies are complements, suppose the price of flour (an ingredient in cookies) rises. What happens in the market for milk?
Choose one answer.
a. The equilibrium price and quantity rise.
b. The equilibrium price rises and the equilibrium quantity falls.
c. The equilibrium price and quantity fall.
d. The equilibrium price falls and the equilibrium quantity rises.

Question 10



A temporary price of $2 in this market would result in:
Choose one answer.
a. a surplus of 8,000 bushels.
b. a shortage of 8,000 bushels.
c. a shortage of 10,000 bushels.
d. a surplus of 10,000 bushels.

Question 11
The price of oranges rises. What happens in the market for apples, which are a substitute for oranges?
Choose one answer.
a. The equilibrium price falls, and the equilibrium quantity rises.
b. The equilibrium price rises, and the equilibrium quantity falls.
c. The equilibrium price and quantity rise.
d. The equilibrium price and quantity fall.

Question 12
A market surplus occurs if the:
Choose one answer.
a. price is below the equilibrium price.
b. price is equal to the equilibrium price.
c. equilibrium price is above the actual price.
d. equilibrium price is below the actual price.