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BIOL 1500 Lecture Notes - Molecular Geometry, Trigonal Bipyramidal Molecular Geometry, Ionic Bonding

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pucebeetle979
19 Nov 2012
School
York University
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 1500
Professor
George Georgopoulos

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Document Summary

Select one: ca, k, na, mg, fr. Select one: 1, 2, 5, 3, 7. Atoms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are known as. Select one: neutral atoms, molecule, a chemical family, ions, isotopes. 12mg2+ contains (note, 24 should be directly over top of the 12) Select one: 12 protons, 12 neutrons and 14 electrons, 12 protons, 12 neutrons and 10 electrons, 12 protons, 12 neutrons and 12 electrons, 12 protons, 10 neutrons and 10 electrons, 24 protons, 12 neutrons and 2 electrons. Select one: helium, neon, sodium, magnesium, fluorine, oxygen, beryllium, lithium. Which of the following statements about atomic structure is. Select one: the number of valence electrons, the total number of neutrons, the total number of electrons in its atoms, the total number of protons in the nucleus. Select one: 1, 2, 3, 1. 8x10^24, 6. 02x10^23. Select one: 2, 5, 1, 3, 4.

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The function of tRNA is to

Select one:

a. provide a site for polypeptide synthesis

b. transport amino acids to the ribosome

c. transcribe DNA

d. transform DNA

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The lipid bi-layer is

Select one:

a. hydrophilic

b. hydrophobic

c. hydrophilic and hydrophobic

d. depends on the surrounding medium

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Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Select one:

a. carbohydrates are generally hydrophilic molecules.

b. living things use carbohydrates for structure and for energy storage.

c. carbohydrates are composed principally of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

d. none of the above – they are all true

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Which of the following terms correctly describes a compound featuring more than one double bond?

Select one:

a. saturated

b. polyunsaturated

c. monounsaturated

d. disaturated

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Eukaryotic mRNA transcripts are protected from modification by

Select one:

a. 5' caps

b. 5' poly-A caps

c. 3' caps

d. 5'-3' poly tails

Question 6

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The methods of membrane transport that don't require protein channels or carriers are

Select one:

a. osmosis

b. diffusion

c. phagocytosis

d. exocytosis

e. all of the above

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Complete the following sentences: "Primary active transport is dependent on __________. Secondary active transport is dependent on __________ created by __________.

Select one:

a. channel proteins, electrochemical gradient, carrier proteins

b. electrochemical gradient, ATP, mitochondria

c. electrochemical gradient, ATP, primary active transport

d. ATP, electrochemical gradient, primary active transport

e. carrier proteins, electrochemical gradient, channel protein

Question 8

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Which of the following is a reduced compound?

Select one:

a. CO2

b. O2

c. N2

d. NAD +

e. NADH

Question 9

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Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments according to their:

Select one:

a. base sequence

b. size

c. percentage of labelled nucleotides

d. electrical charge

Question 10

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G0 is:

Select one:

a. part of interphase

b. the phase of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs

c. the phase of the cell cycle where two identical daughter cells are created

d. a special "resting" phase in which cells are in a non cycling state

e. a special phase where the number of chromosomes in a parent cell is reduced by half such that each daughter cell contains only one member of a pair of homologous chromosomes

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At which pH will the concentration of hydrogen ions be equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions?

Select one:

a. pH 1

b. pH 5

c. pH 7

d. pH 9

e. pH 14

Question 12

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Which of the following enzymes has proofreading activity?

Select one:

a. Ligase

b. Helicase

c. Topoisomerase

d. DNA polymerase

e. Peptidyl transferase

Question 13

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The process of _______________ cuts introns from the primary transcript and the final "processed" mRNA is produced.

Select one:

a. RNA cleaving

b. RNA translocation

c. RNA elongation

d. RNA splicing

Question 14

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Transcription is initiated when RNA polymerase binds to

Select one:

a. a promoter

b. an initiator

c. a transciptor

d. a codon

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Complete the following sentences: "__________ connect the extracellular matrix with microfilaments. __________ connect intermediate filaments from adjacent cells."

Select one:

a. Cadherins, Integrins

b. Connexins, Cadherins

c. Integrins, Cadherins

d. Integrins, Connexins

e. Connexins, Integrins

Question 16

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Which of the following regions of RNAs are translated?

Select one:

a. 5' UTR

b. exons

c. introns

d. 3' UTR

e. poly-A

Question 17

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Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)?

Select one:

a. only the transcriptional level

b. epigenetic and transcriptional levels

c. epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels

d. epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels

Question 18

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Cellular organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes are called:

Select one:

a. peroxisomes

b. lysosomes

c. ribosomes

d. mesosomes

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______ are chemicals or combinations of chemicals that take up excess hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions in order to keep the pH constant.

Select one:

a. acids

b. bases

c. salts

d. buffers

e. carbohydrates

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Which of the following proteins appear in some stages of the cell cycle and are degraded at other stages?

Select one:

a. kinases

b. cyclins

c. nucleotides

d. phosphatases

e. none of the above

Question 21

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Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

Select one:

a. mitochondrion photosynthesis

b. nucleus cellular respiration

c. ribosome manufacture of lipids

d. lysosome movement

e. central vacuole storage

Question 22

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What is the sequence corresponding to the following electropherogram obtained by Sanger sequencing (green: A; red:T; black: G; blue: C)?

Select one:

a. CCGTTATGAAC

b. GGCTTATGAAG

c. CAACTATTGCC

d. GGCAATAGTTG

e. CCGTTATCAAC

Question 23

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Which of the following statement is true

Select one:

a. the two DNA strands are parallel and complementary

b. the two DNA strands are anti parallel and non-complementary

c. the two DNA strands are anti-parallel and complementary

d. none of these

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The energy-requiring process by which small molecules are joined to form larger molecules is specifically called

Select one:

a. metabolism

b. anabolism

c. catabolism

d. enzymatic reactions

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When DNA replication starts

Select one:

a. the phosphodiester bonds between the adjacent nucleotides break

b. the bonds between the nitrogen base and deoxyribose sugar break

c. the leading strand produces Okazaki fragments

d. the hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides of two strand break

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A(n)_______ is the movement of a segment of a chromosome from one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome

Select one:

a. inversion

b. translocation

c. deletion

d. duplication

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Complete the following sentences: "Replication forks from the same origin of replication extend __________. __________ DNA strand is used as template for the leading strand at one fork and for the lagging strand at the second fork. New DNA is synthesized from 5' to 3' on the __________."

Select one:

a. unidirectionally, A different, both the leading and lagging strands

b. bidirectionally, The same, leading strand

c. bidirectionally, The same, lagging strand

d. unidirectionally, A different, leading strand

e. bidirectionally, The same, both the leading and lagging strands

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Manufacturing recombinant DNA molecules involves cutting a gene from its normal location, inserting it into a circular piece of DNA from a bacterial cell, and then transferring the circle of DNA to cells of another species. Which of the below describe the circular piece of DNA?

Select one:

a. restriction enzyme

b. plasmid

c. bacteriophage

d. transposon

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Complete the following chemical equation to make it balanced: glycerol + ___ ? triacylglycerol + ___

Select one:

a. 3 fatty acid, 3 H2O

b. fatty acid, H2O

c. 3 OH-, 3 H+

d. 3 H2O, 3 fatty acid

e. fatty acid, 3 H2O

Question 30

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Which structure is found in plant cells but not animal cells? Check all that apply.

Select one or more:

a. Cell wall

b. Chloroplast

c. Plastid

d. Central vacuole

e. Lysosomes

All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT

Select one:

a. they are found in tissues of the lymphatic system.

b. they have the ability to kill infected body cells and some tumor cells.

c. they are a type of lymphocyte.

d. they release toxic substances that cause cell lysis or apoptosis.

e. they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis.

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Which of the following antibodies is a pentamer?

Select one:

a. IgE

b. IgM

c. IgD

d. IgA

Question 68

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When haptens attach to carrier molecules, an epitope forms on hapten which then can be bound to antibody.

Select one:

True

False

Question 69

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A chill is a sign that

Select one:

a. the metabolic rate is decreasing.

b. body temperature is not changing.

c. body temperature is rising.

d. body temperature is falling.

e. blood vessels are dilating.

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Biofilms provide pathogens with an adhesion mechanism and aid in resistance to antimicrobial agents.

Select one:

True

False


Question 1

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_____________ are physical microscopicevidence of crossing over.
Select one:
a. Recombinants
b. Crossovers
c. Chiasmata
d. Centrosomes
e. DNA double strand breaks

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In a 3 point cross, the recombinantphenotypes corresponding to ___________ are the leastfrequent.
Select one:
a. single crossover events
b. F2 recombinants
c. double crossover events
d. parental recombinants
e. F1 recombinants

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You perform a tetrad analysis experiment inNeurospora to determine the position of a single gene (z) relativeto the centromere. You obtained the following numbers of tetradsordered from the top of the ascus to the bottom. What is the mapdistance between the z gene and the centromere in map units? 379 z+z+ z+ z+ z z z z 421 z z z z z+ z+ z+ z+ 65 z z z+ z+ z z z+ z+ 35z+ z+ z z z+ z+ z z 54 z+ z+ z z z z z+ z+ 46 z z z+ z+ z+ z+ z z(Note: if the genotypes don't align well in the online assignment,see the PDF that was uploaded as well)
Select one:
a. 10
b. 30
c. 20
d. 5
e. 0

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Injection of mice with Streptococcuspneumoniae that grow as smooth colonies in culture results in_________.
Select one:
a. none of the other answers
b. chronic pneumonia
c. no phenotype
d. embryonic lethality
e. death of the mice

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The transforming principle studied by Avery,MacLeod, and McCarty could be destroyed or removed by_________.
Select one:
a. protease
b. DNase.
c. ultracentrifugation
d. RNase
e. shear forces.

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The Hershey-Chase Waring blender experimentdetermined that _________________________.
Select one:
a. bacteriophage replicate by semi-conservativeDNA synthesis.
b. all of the other answers are correct.
c. bacteriophage integrate into the hostgenome, becoming insensitive to external shear forces.
d. radiolabelled bacteriophage DNA enters hostcells during infection but that radiolabelled proteins do not
e. bacteriophage are made up of roughly equalamounts of protein and DNA using radioactive sulphur andphosphorous.

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All DNA polymerases synthesyze DNA in a__________.
Select one:
a. N-terminal to C-terminal direction.
b. 5' to 3' direction.
c. nucleus.
d. 3' to 5' direction.
e. C-terminal to N-terminal direction.C-terminal to N-terminal direction.

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Meselson and Stahl used a _______ isotope of____________ to disprove the conservative and dispersive models ofDNA replication.
Select one:
a. heavy, sulphur
b. radioactive, nitrogen
c. heavy, nitrogen
d. radioactive, sulphur
e. radioactive, phosphate

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DNA replication is initiated at________________ of replication.
Select one:
a. semi-conservative sites
b. promoters
c. origins
d. bidirectional sites
e. termination sites

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In bacteria, initiation of DNA replicationrequires ____________________.
Select one:
a. primase to synthesize a short DNAprimer.
b. nuclear DNA binding proteins.
c. a replication fork.
d. a terminal 3'OH group on DNA.
e. primase to synthesize a short RNAprimer.

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DMC1 protein facilitates strand invasionduring _______.
Select one:
a. double strand break repair.
b. resolution of holliday junctions.
c. branch migration.
d. meiotic recombination.
e. mitotic recombination.

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Resolution of holliday junctions in the sameplane results in _______.
Select one:
a. genetic loss.
b. meiotic crossover.
c. failed crossover.
d. homoduplex formation.
e. bidirectional fork migration.