BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Nuclear Dna, Nuclear Membrane, Cell Membrane
Document Summary
Compare cell size: eukaryotic cells vs. bacteria cells. Eukaryotic cells are bigger than bacterial cells. A typical eukaryotic cell size is 10-50 times bigger than a bacterial cell. Surface area becomes a limiting factor for cell size. Many thing projections (dendrites and an axon in neurons) allow maximize the s/v ratio. Microvilli increases surface area while minimizing volume. Compare structural complexity: eukaryotic cells vs. bacterial cells. Physically separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell. Cell volume: number of chemical reactions take place inside cell. Surface area: determines amount of substances exchanged. Eukaryotic cells endomembrane (em) system: em has the same common membrane ancestor. All em organelles derived from the plasma membrane: specialization of membrane compartments leads to different em organelles. Collection of interrelated membranous sacs that divide cell into functional and structural components. Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of toxins. Transportation and breakdown (digesting) of large biomolecule containing particles. Nuclear pore - channel formed by multiprotein complex.
