HE100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Colonoscopy, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Stereotactic Surgery
Document Summary
Environmental contaminants: substances in air, water, soil, natural or manufactured. Examples: asbestos, arsenic, formaldehyde: risk associates with level of exposure and duraion. Increases chemical acivity in the cells dna mutaion: associates with dna damage. Accounts for 17% of cancers worldwide: 7% developed countries. Mechanisms: chronic inlammaion, immune suppression, dna damage. Examples: human papilloma virus (hpv) cervical cancer, hepaiis b and c liver cancer, helicobacter pylori stomach cancer. Diethylsilboestrol (des) -1940 to 1960: used to control bleeding during pregnancy and reduce risk of miscarriage, increase risk of reproducive cancers in daughters. Increase risk of breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer. Chemotherapy: some chemotherapy treatments increase risk for other cancers. 2/3: regular physical acivity, healthy body weight, no smoking, sun protecion, sun protecion, minimize infecious disease risk. Self-exams and cancer screening: early detecion early intervenion. Signiicant impact on disease progression: decrease morbidity and mortality, example: skin, colon, prostate, tesicular, cervical and breast.
