BI226 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Endomembrane System, Chloroplast, Chlorophyll
Document Summary
Membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes to break down macromolecules (proteins, fats, polysaccharides and nucleic acids). Destroy cells or foreign matter that the cell has engulfed by phagocytosis. Central vacuoles hold organic compounds and water. Contractile vacuoles found in many freshwater protists, pump excess water out of cells. Food vacuoles formed by phagocytosis: microbodies. Glyoxysomes in plants contain enzymes for converting fats to carbs. Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes and catalase produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it to water: mitochondria. Contain oxidative metabolism enzymes for transferring the energy within macromolecules to atp. Surrounded by 2 membranes: 1) smooth outer, 2) folded inner with layers of cristae. Contain their own dna: chloroplasts. Work to convert light energy into sugars that can be used by cells. Depends on the green chlorophyll molecules in each chloroplast.
