BI111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Binomial Nomenclature, Pterosaur, Parallel Evolution
Document Summary
Twin goals of systematics: reconstruction of evolutionary history and classi cation of species. Phylogenetic trees come about through successive events of speciation (branching) in which one species give rise to two (or more) Reconstructing these trees requires comparison of traits (with shared genetic ancestry) in multiple speces. Two major goals of systematic biology are to analyse phylogeny, which tells an evolutionary history and to perform taxonomy. Binary nomenclature: genus and species (re ect the nested hierarchy of life) Name: what group does it belong to. Rank: where does it t into phylogeny. Di erentiate species due to their morphological di erence due to ancestry or evolution. Converged on the phenotype due to common selective pressure to ll niche homoplasties. I. e bones that support wings of bats, birds and pterosaur all look like dinosaur lim. Look at the fossil record or embryonic record to see any changes. When no homologies exist, traits are said to be analogous.
