BI110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Protein Kinase, Phosphorylase, Glycogen
Document Summary
Signals are transmitted from the receptor to a response in cell by a series of biochemical reactions, usually involving protein kinases. Atp to one or more sites on particular target proteins: kinases are enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from, the added phosphate groups stimulate or inhibit activities. Often, target proteins in signal transduction cascades of target proteins. Protein phosphatases are other kinases: response can be reversed (or turned off ) by removing phosphate groups from target proteins continuously active. Phosphorylation frequently changes a proteins conformation and surface charge. 3-) affect electrostatic attraction ad repulsion within a protein, changing its shape. Changes in electrostatic interactions may also affect the proteins surface, potentially affecting how it interacts with other molecules. Purple is positive electrostatic potential; yellow is negative potential. Phosphatases are an important component of phosphorylation cascades. Camp is an important second messenger; relays initial signaling event. Two other second messengers: diacylglycerol (dag) and inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (ip3)
