BI110 Lecture 5: Bio 111 Lecture 4
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Which of these statements is incorrect?
Syntenic genes are located on the same chromosome. |
Independent assortment results in recombinant chromosomes. |
You can reliably predict the relative genetic distance fromgenesâ physical distance on a chromosome. |
Linked genes are always syntenic. |
What is the relative genetic distance between two linked genesif the recombination frequency is 0.49?
0.49 cM |
4.9 cM |
49 cM |
490 cM |
What statement best explains the distortion in Mendelian ratiosobserved by Bateson & Punnett in 1905? (Reminder: they found anoverrepresentation of F2 offspring showing both dominant orrecessive phenotypes, and an underrepresentation of offspringdisplaying one dominant and one recessive phenotype)
Human error: they should have been more careful about theirexperimental setup. |
Gene linkage: Genes for flower color and pollen shape arephysically close on the same chromosome, leading to a breakdown inthe independent assortment of the alleles for these traits. |
Chromosome crossover: Homologous recombination of twochromatids during meiosis caused the alleles to shuffle, resultingin a breakdown of the independent assortment of the alleles forthose genes. |
Random variation: No two situations are alike. In finitepopulations, you are going to get some variation across a mean. |
When determining the relative genetic distance between twogenes, why is dihybrid back-cross preferable over traditionaldihybrid cross?
9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio is easier to work with than 1:1:1:1ratio. |
Genotypes of the offspring can be determined based on theirphenotype. |
If the genes are independently assorted, the dihybrid back-crosswould result in only 2 genotypes in the F1 generation. |
B and C |
Why do we map genes?
To understand how genes interact with each other |
Comparative genomics analysis |
To determine the genotype of an organism |
All of the above |
What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
Question options:
chromatin is one of two identical strands of DNA. | |
chromosomes are chromatin that has been tightly packed and coiled. | |
chromosomes are composed of nucleosomes and chromatin is composed of sister chromatids. | |
chromosomes are important in mitosis and chromatin is essential to meiosis. |
Bacterial cells only reproduce asexually and cannot exchange genetic material.
Question options:
True, because they undergo binary fission. | |
False, because they transfer genetic material with other bacterial cells. | |
True, because they have a cell wall that prevents sharing of genetic material. |
After a visit to a specialist, Dan was diagnosed with liver cancer. Six months later additional tumors were found in his stomach and small intestine. This is an example of
Question options:
malignant tumors. | |
benign tumors. | |
Both malignant tumors and metastasis are correct. |
Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis?
Question options:
DNA is replicated. | |
Replicated chromosomes divide. | |
Cells line up along the equator of the cell. |
Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?
Question options:
prophase -- mitotic spindle forms | |
metaphase -- chromosomes line up along the equator | |
telophase -- cytoplasm divides |
Why is hair loss a common side effect of cancer treatments?
Question options:
Hair cells are at the surface of the body so die easily. | |||||||
Hair cells divide rapidly and so are targeted by the cancer drugs. | |||||||
Cancer drugs often target and kill random cells within the body. From "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer," how are endostatins used to treat cancerous cells? Question options:
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1. How does meiosis generate genetic diversity?
a) crossing over
b) random alignment at metaphase I
c) synapsis
d) both crossing over and random alignment at metaphase I
2. What would happen if crossing over occurred between sister chromatids?
a) Genetic diversity would decrease due to the loss of gene combinations. b) Genetic diversity would increase due to the addition of gene combinations. c) Gene rearrangement would lead to changes in gene expression. d) Nothing would happen becasue sister chromatids are genetically identical or nearly identical. | ||
3. Animals that sexually reproduce are _____ and produce _____ gametes. (haploid, diploid; haploid, haploid; diploid, diploid; diploid, haploid) 4. The F1 generation of a cross between two individuals, one that is homozygous dominant for a trait and the other that is homozygous recessive for the trait, will yield progeny with the same phenotype. (true or false) 5. Homologous chromosomes separate from each other in: a) mitosis b) meiosis I c) meiosis II d) They never separate from each other during any form of cell division |