Psychology 2135A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Japanese Phonology, Phoneme, Vocal Folds

• School: Western University
• Department: Psychology
• Course: Psychology 2135A/B
• Professor: Graeme Haynes

Document Summary

Language is arguably the single greatest human achievement. Only humans can do it: human essence. Language is a form of communication hat uses symbols to represent concepts. Phonology -> morphology -> syntax -> semantics -> pragmatics. Phoneme (sound (cid:862)hooked o(cid:374) pho(cid:374)i(cid:272)s(cid:863) streyn j er z. A phoneme is the basic unit of sound in a language: refer to sounds, not letters. E. g. , egg, erase (cid:894)differe(cid:374)t (cid:862)e(cid:863) sou(cid:374)ds(cid:895: english has 47, differ by language. E. g. , /r/ and /l/ in english are two distinct phonemes. Voicing: whether the vocal folds vibrate ([z], [d], [b], [v], or not ([s], [t], [p], [f]) Manner of production: whether air is fully stopped ([b], [p], [d], [t], or merely restricted ([z], [s]. Place of articulation: where in the mouth the air is restricted. Closing the lips ([b[, [p]: top teeth against bottom lip ([v], [f], tongue behind upper teeth ([d], [t], [z], [s])