Psychology 2062A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Lev Vygotsky, Differentiated Instruction, Cognitive Dissonance
14 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Development: orderly adaptive changes that humans or animals go through from conception to death: physical: body structures, personal: personality, social: ways in which one relates to others, cognitive: mental processes become more complex and sophisticated. Many changes are simply matters of growth and maturation. General principles of development: people develop at different rates, development is relatively orderly, development takes place gradually. The brain and cognitive development: brain imaging techniques: fmri: functional magnetic resonance imaging. (just looks at brain whereas the mri looks at the whole body) Neurons: nerve cells that store and transfer information. 2 kinds of overproduction and pruning processes take place: Synapses: tiny spaces between neurons, chemical messages sent across: experience-expectant: formed before experience, experience-dependent: formed after experience. Glial cells: white matter of the brain, outnumber neurons, many functions. Myelination: process by which neural fibres are coated with a fatty sheath, makes messages transfer more efficient. Cerebral cortex: outer covering of the brain.
