Health Sciences 2610F/G Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Surrogacy, Preterm Birth, Ovarian Cancer
27 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Genetic Technology Reproductive Issues
Moral Status (continued)
PDF File
When does life begin?
Knowledge Evolution
17 century - mid 1800s: observed biological
1827: biologic development
Leonardo da Vinci’s concept
something that’s opened like a seed and out comes a fully formed child except
miniature
1500s: peel back layers of skin, fat and tissue, what would you find within
right about the babies body folded up compactly
1700s: physiological structure; skin tissue bones and fat
what does a baby in early stages of labour look like
1950s on: Inherited
Watson and Craig mendal; DNA and double helix
some traits we have are possibly inherited = who do you marry and have
children with
Carnigie stages:
fetus look different at various stage
started conical at one place
as we go through stages 7-8 embryo becomes a tadpole and moving on
around 9 weeks of gestation: threshold between an embryo and a fetus
after embryo stage everything that is needed to make a
human exists
things are starting to function and look like a human being
1960s: visible human
choice of title “drama of life before birth"
no personhood, humaniiy, but does show the value implications of subtle
subliminal value measures
image itself: gauze layer represents sac, tissue represents placenta
not very roomy
fascination with if we could get a glimps ahead of time
1978: a landmark moment
first born test tube baby; not everything with conception has to happen in the
body: Louise brown
significant because we need to do a lot of things to establish conception and
pregnancy result in a live birth
implications for public health, health of populations and what we owe in
rights and duties
Late 20th Century: constructed
what is healthy what is normal; who we are? build upon
possible to watch a baby grow and watch incredible range of behaviour
how do reflexes help it prepare for birth/survival outside of whom
Paternal Diagnosis
Weeks 10 14 16 18 20
0----------I------------I--------I-------I-------I----------
PGD Blood Blood
US US
CVS Amniocentesis most invasive same as CVS
(Chorionic Villus Sampling) most invasive: long needle going through belly into corion to get tissue from
there
PGD: preimplantation gnetic diagnosis 3-5 days of fertilization
important for assisted reproduction; do it on embryo before placed into women
US: ultrasound
in a short period of time standard of care has evolved
way people ascribe personhood about the fetus has changed
Full term pregnancy is 40 weeks
37 weeks on is considered a full term pregnancy
12 weeks (after first trimester)
1 in 200-300 chance that CVS and Amniocentesis causes a miscarriage
risk that you might lose a healthy pregnancy
can also reveal that there is a problem, only screens for certain things
screening and diagnostic is not the same thing
CVS: screening: probability
Amniocentesis: diagnostic: definite
with previous problem with pregnancy, no matter what the numbers are there is
a likely chance they’ll take it as 50/50
non-invasive testing now is a thing, is not covered by OHIP, its new and not tested in
long term, cost prohibited, and must send to states to process
distinction between screening and diagnosis comes down to certainty
certainty changes decision making process
baby is born after 20 weeks it is alive and gets a premature birth certificate as a baby
if baby were to die after 20 weeks as a stillborn it would get a life and death certificate
24 week threshold of viability; if baby had to be delivered it could survive outside the
mothers body in an incubator
Assisted human Reproduction
the benefits of assisted human reproductive technologies and related research for individuals,
for families and for society in general can be most effectively secured by taking appropriate
measures for the protection and promotion of human health, safety, dignity and rights in the
use of these technologies and in related research
technology is moving faster than we can protect the public to safeguards need
Document Summary
Leonardo da vinci"s concept something that"s opened like a seed and out comes a fully formed child except miniature. 1500s: peel back layers of skin, fat and tissue, what would you nd within right about the babies body folded up compactly. 1700s: physiological structure; skin tissue bones and fat what does a baby in early stages of labour look like. Watson and craig mendal; dna and double helix some traits we have are possibly inherited = who do you marry and have children with. Late 20th century: constructed what is healthy what is normal; who we are? build upon possible to watch a baby grow and watch incredible range of behaviour how do re exes help it prepare for birth/survival outside of whom. Cvs amniocentesis most invasive same as cvs (chorionic villus sampling) most invasive: long needle going through belly into corion to get tissue from there.
