Foods and Nutrition 1021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Coronary Artery Disease, Apple Profile
10 Jan 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Chapter 9: Energy Balance & Healthy Body Weight
Obesity
Prevalence of Obesity in Canada
• 2004 CCHS survey
– Children 2-17 yo–18% overweight; 8% obese
– Adults – 59% overweight; 23% obese
– 1 of 5 children & adolescents is overweight
• Body mass index (BMI)
– Measure of underweight, normal weight, overweight & obesity (class I, class II, class III)
– Calculated by dividing weight in kg by height in meter2
• Body composition
– Proportion of muscle, bone, fat, tissues that make up BW
Body Weight Classification in Adults
• Weight-for-height tables
– Easy to use, inexpensive, not accurate
• Body mass index (BMI)
– Weight for height in people >20 yo; correlates with body fatness & degree of disease risk
• Waist circumference (WC)
– Visceral fatness in proportion to body fatness; indicator of health risk (Type 2 DM, CVD,
HTN); men >102 cm (40”); women >88 cm (35”)
• Person’s disease risk profile
– Risk factors such as HTN, Type 2 DM, elevated blood cholesterol, smoking, alcoholic drinking
BMI Categories
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Risks from Underweight
• Thin/underweight individuals
– Die first during a siege or famine
– Disadvantage during times of surgery or illnesses that limit their intakes (fasting for tests, low
appetite) or increase their outputs (vomiting/diarrhea)
• Those fighting a wasting disease may die from starvation (e.g. cancer)
• People need body fat stores for energy reserves, protection for the bones & organs, nutrient stores,
body temperature controls
Risks from Overweight / Obesity
• Mild to moderate overweight
– Increased risks for diseases
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
– Risk of premature death
• Obese
– Now declared a chronic disease
– Major risk for CVD
• Other risks
– High blood lipids, sleep apnea, gout, arthritis
– Abdominal hernias, liver malfunction, flat feet
– Varicose veins, gallbladder disease
– Respiratory problems, kidney stones
– Complications in pregnancy, surgery
– High accident rate, some CAs (cancer)
Abdominal Fat
• Who is most prone to abdominal fat? – Why?
• What is an “apple” shape and what is a “pear” shape?
• What are the risks of extra abdominal fat?
Apple vs. Pear Profile
• “Apple” profile
– Men of all ages, women past menopause, smokers, and alcoholics tend to carry weight centrally
• “Pear” profile
– Women in reproductive years tend to carry fat around hips & thighs
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chapter 9: energy balance & healthy body weight. Prevalence of obesity in canada: 2004 cchs survey. 1 of 5 children & adolescents is overweight: body mass index (bmi) Measure of underweight, normal weight, overweight & obesity (class i, class ii, class iii) Calculated by dividing weight in kg by height in meter2: body composition. Proportion of muscle, bone, fat, tissues that make up bw. Body weight classification in adults: weight-for-height tables. Easy to use, inexpensive, not accurate: body mass index (bmi) Weight for height in people >20 yo; correlates with body fatness & degree of disease risk: waist circumference (wc) Visceral fatness in proportion to body fatness; indicator of health risk (type 2 dm, cvd, Htn); men >102 cm (40 ); women >88 cm (35 : person"s disease risk profile. Risk factors such as htn, type 2 dm, elevated blood cholesterol, smoking, alcoholic drinking. Die first during a siege or famine. Risks from overweight / obesity: mild to moderate overweight.
