Computer Science 1037A/B Lecture 30: Convert Constructors

8. Write a class called WordSet representing a set of String objects which can contain an arbitrary number of strings, limited only by the memory available to the Java Virtual Machine. A set is a collection of elements, however, unlike a list, a set cannot contain duplicate elements. Therefore, as its name implies, a WordSet object cannot contain duplicate Strings that is, if one attempts to da String to a Wordset, and the wordset already contains an element which is equal to this string, the attempt will fail and the state of the Wordset will not change. All String comparisons performed in the methods defined in the Wordset class are done in a Case SENSITIVE manner. Note that in the method descriptions below, the phrase "this Wordset" means "the Wordset on which the method in question is called." Your Wordset class MUST provide the following INSTANCE methods • A constructor, which takes no parameters and initializes the new Wordset ohject so that it contains no elements • A method called add(), which takes as its only parameter a string and returns a value of type boolean. If this Wordset already contains a string which is equal to the parameter string, or the parameter String is null, then the state of this Wordset does not change and the method return false; otherwise, the parameter String is added to this Wordset. and the method returns true. • A method called remove().which takes as its only parameter a string and returns a value of type boolean. If this wordSet contains a string which is equal to the parameter String this string is removed from the WordSet and the method returns true. On the other hand, if the string parameter is null or this Wordset does not contain a string which is equal to the parameter string, then the state of this wordset does not change, and the method return false. • A method called get.size(), which takes no parameters and returns the number of strings currently stored in this Wordset. This method MUST NOT change the state of this Wordset. • A method called isMember(). which takes as its only parameter a string and retumsa value of type boolean which is true if this wordset contains the parameter String false otherwise. If the parameter String is null, this method also return false. This method MUST NOT change the state of this wordset. • A method called computebirrerence().which takes as its only parameter a Wordset and returns a new Wordset representing the difference between this wordset and the parameter Wordset: in other words, the WordSet returned by this method contains all the strings that are in this wordset, but not in the parameter Wordset. If the parameter Wordset contains all the elements of this WordSet or this WordSet contains no elements, then this method returns a new Wordset containing no elements. Finally, if the parameter Wordset is null or contains ne strings, then this method returns a new wordset which contains all the elements of this wordset. This method MUST NOT change the state of this wordset or the parameter Wordset. • A method called tostring , which takes the parameters and turns a string which is the textual representation of this wordset. This textual representation consists of the concatena tion of the following clements - The String - The text representation of each clement in the WordSet; cach pair of adjacent clements is separated by the String", but this String MUST NOT appear before the first clement or after the last element - The String") The order in which the elements of this Wordset appear in the textual representation generated by the tostring() method does not matter. If the WordSet contains to Brings, then the textual representation returned by this method is ". Note that you MUST respect proper encapsulation practices that is, the attributes and methods of your class MUST be declared using the proper visibility modifier NINT Um an array list (of string) to keep track of the string stored in a wordt ob joot Is there a method defined in the Array loist class which determines whether in clementis already wored in an array ist, and which will do a case-sensitive comparison when liked on an Arraylint of strings? See the pages 24-26 of this examination for information about potentially useful methods defined by the ArrayList class WRITE YOUR Wordset CLASS IN THE SPACE BELOW:

Section 3 - Programming Questions 7. Role playing video games (RPGs) form a loosely defined genre of video games in which the player controls a small number of game characters. These characters form a group of adventurers whose purpose is to fulfill one or many quests. A common feature of RPGs is that the group of adventurers can collect various items and keep them for future me, sach items are added to the player's inventory. In this question, you will write classes which could be used to manage a player's inventory in an RPG. Part 1 Write a class called Item. An Item object represents an entire category of items carried by a group of adventurers, and each Item object has the following attributes: • The description of the items in this category (a String) The quantity of tems in this category that the group of adventurers is currently carrying can int). For example, suppose the group of adventurers is carrying 50 Heal Potions and 10 Life Potions. The SO Heal Pations would he represented by a single Item object, the value of the description attribute of this item object would be the string "Heal Potion, and the value of the quantity attribute of this Item object woukl be 50. The 10 Life Potions would also be represented by a single Item object, which is different from the Ttem object representing the Heal Potions. The value of the description attribute of this second Ttem object would he Life Potion", and the value of the quantity attribute of this second liem object would be 10. The Item class MUST provide the following INSTANCE methods, note that in the method descrip tions below, the phrase "this Item" means the item on which the method in question is called • A constructor, which takes as its only parameter a string representing the description attribute of the newly created Item. This constructor sets the quantity attribute of the newly created Item to 1. • A method called get Description(), which takes no parameters and returns a string representing the value of the description attribute of this Item • A method called getQuantity O. which takes no parameters and returns an int represent ing the value of the quantity attribute of this Item • A method called set Quantity), which takes a value of type int as its only parameter and returns nothing. This method changes the value of the quantity attribute of this Item so that its new value is equal to the int value this method accepts as parameter, this happens regardless of what the value of the int parameter is, even if it represents a sensical value Note that you MUST respect proper encapsulation practices that is, the attributes and methods of your class MUST he declared using the proper visibility modifiers. Part 2 Write a class called Inventory, which represents the inventory of a group of adventures. An Inventory object has only one attributes a collection of items, which specifies all the types of items that a group of adventurers is currently carrying along with the mumber of items of each type that the group is carrying Inventory objects MUST keep track of the items being carried by adventurers using a PLAIN ARRAY of Items, you MUST NOT se ArrayLists (or any other class which is part of the the Java Collection Framework such as Linkedin.ist) within the Inventory class under ANY circumstances. Each position in the array contains cither • The address of an Item object in memory, an Item is considered to be in the Inventory if and only if its address in memory is stored in the array . null Fach Item object in the inventory MUST appear exactly once in this array, in other words, there MUST NOT be any duplicate elements in the array under ANY circumstances, whether these dupli cates are deep copies or aliases The Inventory class MUST provide the following INSTANCE methods, note that an actual im plementation used in an RPG would provide additional methods, in particular methods to add an item to the Inventory. Also note that in the method descriptions below, the phrase "this inventory" means "the Inventory on which the method in question is called • A constructor, which takes a value of type int as its only parameter, and initializes the newly created Inventory so that the number of item types it can store is equal to the value of the parameter. The number of item types which can be stored in the Inventory is fixed during instantiation, and can never change during the lifetime of the Inventory object • A method called get.Capacity (), which takes no parameters and returns a value of type int representing the capacity of this Inventory (that is, the number of different item types which can be stored in this Inventory). • A method called getItem(), which takes a value of type int as its only parameter, and returns the Item Nered at the commenpanding position in the array holding the Items stond in this Inventory, this method returns null if the element at the position specified by the parameter value is null or if the parameter represents an invalid index in this array. • A method called consumeOne(), which takes as its only parameter a string represent ing the description of an item, and returns a value of type boolean. The method searches the inventory for an item whose description is equal to the parameter String, with the comparison being performed in a case-INSENSITIVE manner. If no such Ttem exists in the inventory, the method returns false, and the state of the Inventory does not change. On the other hand, if such an Item exist in the inventory, the method returns true and modifies the state of the Inventory as follows: -If the quantity attribute of the item is greater than or equal to 2, then its value is reduced by 1. -If the quantity attribute of the Item is equal to 1, then the item is removed from the Inventory. Note that removing an Item can be done by simply assigning null to the amay position that contains it. The state of the array before and after calling this method can consist of addresses of Item objects interspersed with null elements. For example, in an Inventory whose capacity is 20, it is possible that the array contains the addresses of Item objects al positions 3 and 17. while the other amay position contains null. This implies that the method does NOT have to "compact the array so that the addresses of all the actual tem objects appear at the beginning of the array while all the null elements appear at the end. You MAY assume that the string parameter is not null; in other words, your method does not have to handle cases in which the string parameter is indeed null Akmal notes • You MUST respect proper encapulation practices, that is the attributes and methods of your class MUST be declared using the proper visibility modifiers. • Y MUNT call the methods you were asked to write in the previous part to retrieve the descrip tion and quantity attributes of an Item object, or to change the quantity attribute of an Item object. You MAY me that the item class has been implemented correctly, even if you did not successfully complete the previous part WRITE YOUR Inventory CLASS IN THE SPACE BELOW:

9. Write a method with the following header public static void replace (String oldFile, string newfile, char oldChar, char newChar) throws IOException This method opens the file whose name is given by the String parameter oldFile (the input file) for reading, and opens the file whose name is given by the string parameter newlile (the output file) for writing. It then reads every lime in the input file. For each line, it creates a new line identical to the original line, creept for the fact that all occurrences of char oldchar in the original String have been replaced by occurrences of char newchar in the new line. When the new line has been properly created, it write it to the output file. Once all the lines in the input file have been read and a corresponding line has been written to the output file, the method clases both files. Additional notes: • You MAY assume that none of the parameters this method accepts are null; in other words, your method does not have to handle the case where one or more of the parameters are null. You MAY assume that all the 10-related classes have already heen imported properly . Finally, because the replace() method is specified to throw an exception object of type TORxception, you MAY assume that I/O related problems will occur while reading from the input file or writing to the output file. In other words, your method DOES NOT have to check that no such problems occur, and DOES NOT have to manage Texceptions using try-catch blocks. WRITE YOUR replace() METHOD IN THE SPACE BELOW: YOUR replace() METHOD CONTINUED: USE THIS PAGE IF YOU NEED ADDITIONAL SPACE. CLEARLY INDICATE WHICH QUESTION(S) YOU ARE ANSWERING HERE. USE THIS PAGE IF YOU NEED MORE ADDITIONAL SPACE. CLEARLY INDICATE WHICH QUES- TION(S) YOU ARE ANSWERING HERE. • String (package java.lang) Methods: - public String chal wale Al t ri g od med in the chance au - public int length(): R e ach of the string - public char chattin R echar w heefd index public chart to Chachay: Consthis String to a new c r y - public boolean equals Object anbject): Ce this string to and yect - public boolean equalsigmoce Case String anotherstring]: Cam p ing sider this String to anotherString - public int compareToString anotherString: Compare this String to anotherstring graphically returns a negative ef this string before anotherstring, apithe value of this Stringatering distries publie iw paneelgoro (String another Camp i ng Garden ces, string to anoth i ng li hically returns te value of this thing care anotherstring, apie as if this string e r anotherstring, Strings - public int indexin ch Rather within this string of the och ch-lil does not - public int index fint.ch, int from index): Returns the index within this string of the first Roe of character ch, starting the search at position from Index retums - 1 il ch does not in this String - public int indexor (String ste): Returns the index within this string of the first currence of ringt-d eur - public int indexOf(stringate, int from index): Resures the index within the string of the fare currence of shariaparting police froiden liste des not count i ng - public String subat ring it begintndax) Rema new string which is a webstring of this string compend of the chesting at position begintndex (inclusive) - puble string subat ring intaginindex intendindex: Returns a new sering that waring of this string, composed of the characters starting at position beginIndex (inclusive, and ending at - public String replace(char oldChar, char newchar): Returns a new string resulting from replacing a Tences of olchar in this string with new Char. puble string tolon Case(): Returns a new string consisting of all the characters in this sting - publle ting toppe : Roum ingiting of all the c on in this thing uverted to perce - publie ting tet): Returns a copy of this line with leading and wailing whitespace • Scanner (package java.util) Methods: - publie danner File source) thrown jatorio Foundation sa Scanner the fun the specified file - public scanner InputStream source): Cits Scanner that process and from the input stream - puble Scannerstag source): Corsa ww Scanner that produces wales w ed from the specified String -puble vold close(): Cwes this Scanner -puble boolean asext(): Return this can het in its input puble boolean asext.Double(): Return to the taken in this season al ante pasadala w ith Doble() ed publie boolean hat Into: Reutte le inse gule ed wat w eet Int() had - public boolean hati : Return true if this w ee - puble boolean has longt) Return true if the r in this cannerm ane das along the next long) with puble ting at the t e rm from the canner puble double Smerthea ter puble intention there the l ot. puble w ith the need them - puble Intolog m u long • Printstream ( kape Java.io) Methods: a - Pri le rlle) throw alo.Pilo t Pelat ihan the p rile - Printing the throw r alo. Pet Stichw e d the wind - le void lose them - le void phone boolean ve - void prichar public void print chart 6): the way of char public void print double d o uble bed, public void print (int ) Fins int value - public void printet a n net public void printing : Strings - public void printin (1 Tm the line by writing the line para ring - public void printinhoolna ) Prints hoolean when thinorminates the public void printin (cthar c h ar wheelthening the line public void print in char i ta way of cars and then the line public void print in double d in double valued and the terminates the line public void printin(int 1) Pints int value and then into the line public void printin ( jat ova t terminates the line pulle void print intring): Tits Strings then to the line Note that the printwriter class defines the same methods and constructors (except for the fact that the structors are called Print.writer instead of PrintStream) • Math (package java.lang) Methods: - please le podle double bear the value of a t the of - puble balle blanche a Returns they u se of dele with pe r than realto - pietate double random Ruma doble 0.0 wi th .. puble stat la doble sin double a: Rethe puble statie doble con double a Return ther l e, where a ininin we angle, wherea in in e -puble statie doble tan double a) R he i ngold , whereas o m public statie double toeges double agrad): C a ngrad v ideo puble salle de anable and we a r e - - estatie delle au t olewa idle de ahholooble • Character (packape java.lang) Methods: - public static boolean ibigit charch: D i chtechisadil public static int digit(charch, int radix: Return the meal of cho ch in the di radix-lich des representa digit - public statie char forbigit chat digit, ut radix) Rems the character of digit in the disa - public statie boolean isletter charch): Demines if character chalet publle statie boolean islowerCase(char ch): Determines if character ch is a character - public static boolean ipparate(char eh): Determines ir ductes chinuppercase cura nd - publicatie boliwhip (arch Termine if character his white a intola - public static char tolowrane(char chevert hech to low - public static char tolpperCase(char ch): Covers Chococh topp • Array list (package java.util) Methods: - public ArrayList(): Create a new em ArrayList which contains clements of type - public int (1 : R m the number of clans in this list - public boolean isimpty(): Rens true if this in contains no elements - public boolean contains (object o): Return true if this lintutins el compr a re performed using the equals() method on - public int IndexOf(obj ): Returns the index of the first currence of elemento in this list, or lir this listes contain this element companies are performed wing the equals() method - publiek galimt in ): Returns the elementat position index in this list - publieket fint inde element): Replace the element at the position index in this list with the - puble honlanad a ): Appends the specifiedalent to the end of this list. - public void (int in aw e t the specified element the price index in this - publiek veint index): Remove the de s ition index in the list - publie hoolean remove(object a s the fir e of the president of this if it is p r epared wing the equals() methodno - public void clear(): Remes all of the elements from this • Vile (package java.io) Methods: - puble File(String pathname: Creates a File representing the file at the given pathane