Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Dna Mismatch Repair, Dna Replication, Telomerase

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rubychimpanzee999

14 Mar 2016

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Read 3" to 5" lay down nucleoides 5" to 3". Rna primers provide the 3" hydroxyl group at regular intervals through the strand. When primer is removed in the middle the gaps will be illed with dna but when its at the end there is no 3" hydroxyl group so the chromosome become shorter and shorter. What helps deal with this problem is the enzyme telomerase. Aging is linked to the shortening of your chromosome more speciically shortening of the telomeres. Telomerase adds extra dna to the end of the chromosome. Will add nucleoides to the parent strand and adds a rna template extending the chromosome then dna replicaion can do what it does. Telomerase acts like dna polymerase, it complementary base pairs against the rna. The primer at the end will sill be removed but since it the telomeres got added its not important info that is being lost its just the added garbage .

Related Questions

REPLICATION

1. Telomerase, an enzyme with both RNA a protein components, lengthens the telomeres at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes.

a. (1 PT) What is the biological role of telomeres?

b. (2 PTS) Why is there a need for a special enzyme to assist with the replication of chromosome ends?

c. (1 PT) Does the telomerase enzyme use an RNA or DNA template when it adds the nucleotides to a DNA strand?

d. (1 PT) Does telomerase add ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides?

e. (1 PT) Does the telomerase enzyme add nucleotides to the under-hang or the overhang of the chromosome ends?

f. (1 PT) Which enzyme completes the extension of the 5â end of the DNA molecule? g. (2 PTS) What is the effect of cancer on telomere length?

Question 1: (Select all that apply) Nucleotides are composed of which of the following?

A) A sugar molecule

B) DNA

C) Nitrogen-containing base

D) Phosphate group

QUESTION 2 (Select all that apply) Which is true about telomerase?

A) adds a short sequence to the 3â end of a chromosome

B) is NOT needed to complete DNA replication

C) is required to maintain telomere structure

D) contains an RNA template for telomere structure

Question 3: DNA polymerase III CANNOT start synthesizing DNA without a free 3â end of a nucleotide, which, in DNA replication, is an RNA nucleotide primer synthesized by DNA ____________. (fill in the blank)

cerisemuskrat602

Please answer all

Why does a template-dependent DNA polymerase require a primer to initiate DNA synthesis?

	DNA polymerase require 5' phosphate to add a new nucleotide
	DNA polymerase require 3' hydroxyl group to add a new nucleotide

DNA polymerase require energy by hydrolizing the primers

Which of the following enzymes is template independent?

	Reverse transcriptase
	Klenow fragment

	DNA polymerase
	Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

RNA polymerase

The natural function of a DNA ligase enzyme is:

	Joining together DNA sequences with compatible cohesive ends from two different organisms to yield a recombinant DNA molecule
	Sealing single stranded nicks in double stranded DNA molecules

	Joining together two blunt ended fragments of DNA within a cell
	Joining together two single stranded DNA molecules

The natural function of 3' -> 5' exonuclease activity of a DNA polymerase is to:

	Remove the 5' end of the DNA strand that is being copied
	Remove damaged nucleotide from the template strand

	Remove nucleotides from the end of DNA to generate blunt ends
	Remove incorrect nucleotides from the newly synthesized DNA

Which technique is used to resolve the different sizes of DNA fragments?

	Gene cloning
	PCR

	DNA sequencing
	Gel electrophoresis

Which of the following vectors does not contain bacterial origin of replication (oriC)?

	plasmid
	cosmid

	bacterial artificial chromosome
	lambda vector

Which process of bacteriophage is not used for gene cloning?

	Concatemer formation
	Lytic cycle

	Lysogenic cycle
	viral packaging

What vector would be best suited for creating a contig of bovine (cattle) chromosome 10?

	lambda vector
	Cosmid vector

	P1 vector
	Plasmid

E. coli takes up plasmid DNA by which of the following methods?

	Transduction
	Transformation

	Conjugation
	Transfection

The following times and temperatures are an example of the steps for PCR. You can use the Figure to help you answer the following questions.

Why is the first step is carried out at 94Â°C?

	To degrade the template
	To denature the template

	To activate the polymerase
	To facilitate the primer binding

What happens in the reaction when the temperature shifts to 55Â°C during cycling?

	the DNA polymerase will carry out DNA synthesis by extending the annealed primers
	the DNA polymerase will finish DNA synthesis

	the primers anneal to the single-stranded regions of the DNA
	the primers anneal to the double-stranded regions of the DNA

During cycling, what occurs when the temperature is at 72Â°C?

	the primers anneal to the double-stranded regions of the DNA
	the DNA polymerase will carry out DNA synthesis by extending the annealed primers

	the primers anneal to the single-stranded regions of the DNA
	the DNA polymerase will finish DNA synthesis

You designed a set of primers to amplify 1 kb DNA with polymerase chain reaction. By which cycle of polymerase chain reaction, we would expect to see the first double stranded DNA with expected size?

	The end of cycle 1
	The end of cycle 2

	The end of cycle3
	The end of cycle 4

Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Dna Mismatch Repair, Dna Replication, Telomerase

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