Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Reactive Oxygen Species, Research In Computational Molecular Biology, Nuclear Dna
14 Mar 2016
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*remember*: organelle dna molecules are small and simple. Mitochondria and chloroplast have ros, which is dangerous for the dna genome. relative sizes of typical mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear genomes: 120 000 kb in a nuclear genome of chlamy 1 kb=1000 base pairs. - linear chrms only 200 kb a chlroplast only 16 kb in a mitochondria-linear chrmsms. Ex: know how to calculate this: about 5000 genes in e coil, 5000kb, so 1 gene = 1 kb, 1000 base pairs, each aa needs 3 bases to code each. So you can get about 300 amino acids. possible reasons why modern organelle genomes have become dramatically smaller over evolutionary time: Hexocyanase, glyolyiss genes: you dont need those in both places; the genes have been deleted Hosts in which their mitochondria has suffered a deletion are easier to replicate and have a selective advantage, so those orgsnsms would want to loose as much dna as possible as long as they are redundant.
