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Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Alanine, Prokaryotic Small Ribosomal Subunit, Pepsin

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yellowcod194
12 Jan 2016
School
Western University
Department
Biology
Course
Biology 1201A
Professor
Jennifer Waugh

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Document Summary

Ribosomes are the site of peptide synthesis trna structure. Secondary structure (red dots = modified bases) 61 codons specify an aa although there are not 61 different trna. Pairing between 1st two bases of codons always precise. Wobble in pairing at 3rd base in codon. 2 subunits composed of rna and protein. Stop codon not recognized by a trna. Most eukaryotic proteins are inactive following translation. After processing proteins are in final three dimensional form. Cytoplasm simply released by ribosome after translation. Transported out of the cell into the stomach. Activating is the removal of 44 pepsinogen amino acids. Dna sequence determines amino acid sequence bases in dna. Mutations are changes in the sequence of. Missense mutations mutated base alters amino acid sequence. Nonsense mutations mutated base leads to an in-frame stop codon. Polypeptide will be truncated, function may be partial. Causes shift in reading frame (if the in/del is not a multiple of 3)

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Related Questions

The introductory passage describes the use of fluorescent markers to identify halomucin outside of the cell. How could you distinguish between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell by using fluorescent markers to identify ribosomes and to identify DNA?

Choose the best answer.

Hints

Choose the best answer.

The ribosomes would be close to the cell wall and the DNA would be in the center of the cell in prokaryotes, but both would be close to the cell wall in all eukaryotes.
The functional ribosomes would be scattered throughout the cell in prokaryotes but close together in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
The ribosomes and DNA would appear farther apart in prokaryotes and eukaryotes because this is important for regulating gene expression in prokaryotes.
The ribosomes and DNA would appear close together in prokaryotes because transcription and translation can occur simultaneously, whereas they would be in different locations in eukaryotes.

how replication, transcription and translation work and how they are different or similar between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? How do mutations affect the outcomes of protein productions? How the lac operon and arg operon works? know the different modes of gene transfer; conjugation, transformation, and transduction?

Describe how the prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes find the start AUG codon within an mRNA. (5 pt.) 2. What is a polycistronic mRNA? Why do the differences you mentioned in 1 above mean that translation from polycistronic mRNAs is limited to prokaryotes (except for the special case I mentioned in class)?