Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Missense Mutation, Nonsense Mutation, Silent Mutation

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17. 3c mutations are random and create genetic novelty. Mutation: a change to the double-strand sequence of dna: radiation, hazardous chemicals, damage individual nucleotides. Factors from cellular processes that cause mutations: For mutations to alter allele frequencies within a population, the mutation must occur in the dna. Mutation does not tend to result in increased fitness, of germ-line cells but has little to no effect on fitness or will be harmful to fitness. The value of a mutation is that it is the only microevolutionary process that gives rise to genetic novelty ultimate source of genetic variation. 2 rounds of dna replication will solidify the mutation within the dna. 15. 4 comparative genomics can reveal how genes and genomes evolved. 15. 4c introns and transposable genetic elements are agents of genome evolution. Introns are found in eukaryotic gene sequences. Transposable elements (tes): segments of dna that can. They are transcribed, but then spliced out before translation.

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