Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Genetic Drift, Dna Annotation, Clustal
20 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
A lot of evolutionary change is caused by tinkering. With stuff that"s already there, not starting from scratch. Current phenotypes are constrained by the past. Only so much you can do with what"s already there. Both random (ex. natural selection) and non-random (ex. genetic drift) processes are important. Similarity can reflect common ancestry (homology) or common solutions. Evolution involves many kinds of genetic change. Selection can only act on phenotype, not genotype. Homology similarity due to common ancestry. Repository of molecular information (dna, proteins, genomes: 100 million sequences. Determining sequences of importance (promoters, introns, pcgs, etc. ) Arrange sequences to show regions of similarity; can infer function and homology. Local vs global: clustal (global) trying to align perfectly (start to end, blast (basic local alignment search tool) looking for regions of high similarity. Few possible orfs: longest orf is (usually) correct. High in nucleotide (17 differences) all synonymous (silent mutations)
