Biochemistry 2280A Lecture 1: Few Textbook Notes Brandl
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14 Jul 2016
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The genetic instructions carried by dna must therefore specify the amino acid sequences of proteins. The nucleotide sequence of the appropriate segment of a dna molecule is first copied into another type of nucleic acid rna (ribonucleic acid). That segment of dna is called a gene, and the result- ing rna copies are then used to direct the synthesis of the protein. The first step a cell takes in expressing one of its many thousands of genes is to copy the nucleotide sequence of that gene into rna. Rna differs from dna chemically in two respects: (1) the nucleotides in rna are ribonucleotides. (2) contains uracil (u) instead of the thymine (t) Rna is single-stranded, can fold up into a variety of shapes, dna cannot fold in this fashion, some rnas have structural, regulatory, or catalytic roles. Transcription produces rna that is complementary to one strand of dna. Rna in a cell is made by transcription.
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DNA Structure and Function LabReport
- DNA Structure
- Which two scientists are credited with discovering DNA?
- Name the nitrogen bases that are purines.
- Which nitrogen base pairs with thymine?
- List the three components of a nucleotide.
- DNA Replication
- What is the purpose of DNA replication?
- How many times does replication occur in the life of acell?
- In the Lab, Exercise 2, the original strand on the left had thebases shown below. Input the new bases that correctly pair with theoriginal strand.
Original | New |
C | |
A | |
G | |
T |
- RNA Structure
- Describe the structure and function of RNA.
- Refer to Exercise 3 and record the bases of the RNA strandproduced from the replicated DNA strand.
DNA | RNA |
C | |
A | |
G | |
T |
- Record the differences between DNA and RNA in the tablebelow.
DNA | RNA | |
Sugars | ||
Bases | ||
Strands |
- RNA Synthesis
- The process of assembling RNA is called _________.
- How is replication different from transcription?
- Refer to Exercise 4. Write the letters for the base sequence ofmRNA in the spaces below DNA. Note that the order is reversed;start with the 3â end of the DNA strand and the 5â end of the mRNAstrand. Transcription is DNA to mRNA. Note RNA contains Uracilinstead of Thymine; There is no thymine in RNA.
DNA | 3â | C | G | T | C | G | T | C | C | A | A | T | T | 5â |
mRNA | 5â | 3â |
- Protein Synthesis
- What type of RNA provides amino acids to build polypeptidechains?
- If a mRNA strand has the bases 5â CUC 3â, what amino acid willbe translated? Refer to the printable chart in Exercise 5.
- Where in the cell does translation occur?
- Genes
- What could be the problem if there is a change in the basesequence of a gene as it is passed down to the offspring?
- Give an example of a disorder that results from changes in theamino acid sequence.
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- Gene Cloning
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- Print the document from Lab, Exercise 6. Complete the activityalong with the video demonstration. Sign, date, and take an imageof your final product and include with this lab report.