Biochemistry 2280A Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Heptose, Tetrose, Ketose
20 Jan 2020
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Document Summary
Terminology: monosaccharides: the simplest sugars, general formula (ch2o)n, where n = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Glyceraldehyde: chiral molecule; has a stereocenter, c with 4 different substituents. Determining d/l stereochemistry: look at the highest numbered (furthest from c=o) chiral carbon, and look what side the oh is on, right side d, left side l. Aldose vs. ketose: every monosaccharide has a carbonyl (c=o) group, c=o at the end of the molecule aldose, c=o in middle of molecule ketose. Epimers: monosaccharides that differ in stereochemistry at only one chiral carbon are epimers. Converting between fischer and haworth: substituents on right down, substituents on left up. Polysaccharides as energy storage: glycogen (in animals), a polysaccharide consisting of linear chains of 12-14 glucose monomers in an. Polysaccharides as structural molecules: cellulose, unbranched (1 4) polyglucose, pectin, unbranched (1 4) polymer, mainly d-galacturonic acid, partially methylated.
