RLG100Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Pope Urban Ii, Indulgence, Pope Leo Iii
Document Summary
Factors: 11th century a lot political, material, historical circumstances different from each other. West: christianity, supported by roman empire: falls in 5th century, europe politically instable, church provides stability. East: byzantine, politically stable, growing: overrun by muslim armies (8th century, creativity happening though greek lit, philosophy, science (intellectual interaction) East: use of icons as aids in worship: rese(cid:374)tful of pope"s clai(cid:373) of supre(cid:373)acy. Takes structure from roman empire: provides stability after collapse, political influence. Late 11th century (1095) -lasts 3 centuries: free the holy land from muslim rule, mobilized by pope urban ii -> spiritual reason, defense of. Christian pilgrims: declarations of holy wars: crusaders formed military to hold on to gains, offered indulgences, dying as martyrs (promised entry into heaven) Gave rise to military careers, breed religious nationalism -> Contributes to intellectual (renaissance: march through mediterranean and encounter different people. Middle east culturally and intellectually more advanced. Augustine: many crusaders elected to stay in middle east to learn modernity.
