POL200Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Carbonic Anhydrase, Hydralazine, Pulmonary Edema
Document Summary
Populations at increased risk: african american and non-hispanic. Stage 2: greater than or equal to 160/100. Treatment strategies: lifestyle modification; pharmacologic treatment; algorithm for treatment of htn; majority will require at least 2 meds; follow-up and monitoring; continue until bp goal achieved. Diuretics: depletion of sodium which reduces blood volume (possible other mechanisms) Sympathoplegic agents: decrease peripheral vascular resistance, inhibit cardiac function, increase venous pooling in capacitance vessels (reduce cardiac output) Direct vasodilators: relax vascular smooth muscle, dilating resistance vessels (along with some increase in capacitance) Angiotensin blocking agents: inhibit production or action of angiotensin leads to reduced peripheral vascular resistance and (possibly blood volume) Loop diuretics: most effective diuretic agent, moa: selectively inhibit nacl reabsorption in the ascending loop of henle. Indications: used to decrease intravascular volume in heart failure; acute pulmonary edema; acute hypercalcemia; hyperkalemia. Adr: ototoxicity; hyperuricemia; hypomagnesemia; severe hypovolemia; hypokalemia; hypotension; allergic reactions: rash, eosinophilia, interstitial nephritis: monitoring: bp; electrolytes (k, mg, ca); daily wts.
