PCL102H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Hybridoma Technology, Xenotransplantation, Epitope
27 Apr 2016
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Often a biologic, rather than small molecule drug. Protein, nucleic acids, sugars, or combination of these items. Discovery process for biologics compared to small molecule drugs. Cellular & gene therapies, xenotransplantation products, human tissues. Monoclonal antibodies (mab) only recognize one specific epitope on an antigen. Target antigen injected into mouse to start production of antibodies. Collection of abs from mouse and fusion of ab producing cells with cancer cells to create hybridoma capable of unlimited growth. Because mouse mabs have protein sequences that differ from human antibodies, when administered to humans, dangerous immune reactions and destruction of mabs can result, making therapy ineffective. Recombinant dna technology can be used to modify mouse mabs, enhancing resemblance to human abs. Antibody encoding mouse dna is merged with antibody encoding human dna to produce partially mouse, partially human mab. Specialty drugs made up 32% of total prescription drug spending in 2014, yet only 1% of all prescriptions written were for specialty drugs.
