LIN100Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Fortition, General Idea, Epenthesis
Document Summary
Many phonological rules relate phonemes to allophones; but some relate phonemes to other phonemes. Consider the ordinary english plural ending, spelled -s. In some words, this ending is pronounced /s/: caps, cats, ducks, graphs, myths . In some words, it"s pronounced /z/: jobs, birds, bags, graves, drums, pans, bills, plays . And in some words, it"s pronounced / z/: classes, phrases, itches, changes, slashes . / are all different phonemes, there are phonological rules explaining the: /s/ appears after voiceless consonants, /z/ appears after voiced consonants and vowels, except, / z/ appears after all sibilants, regardless of voicing. So we can write rules to reflect this pattern: z -> s / [voiceless]__# The empty set symbol is used to indicate the absence of a segment, handy when rules cause segments to be inserted or deleted. This is a relationship between phonemes, not phonemes and allophones; but it is still a productive phonological rule.
