IMM250H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Crystal Violet, Aspergillus Fumigatus, Endosome
Document Summary
How do antitoxins work: paul ehrlich, nobel laureate 1908, antitoxins are receptors (antibodies) with a structural complementarity to toxins (cid:894)(cid:862)lo(cid:272)k a(cid:374)d ke(cid:455)(cid:863)(cid:895). Note the way that the different specificities are indicated by different geometrical shapes. In short: each lymphocyte makes one kind of antibody (not several different ones as. Ehrlich thought: (cid:862)a(cid:374)tige(cid:374)s(cid:863) (cid:894)thi(cid:374)gs (cid:396)e(cid:272)og(cid:374)ized (cid:271)(cid:455) the immune system) stimulate the clonal proliferation of lymphocytes that make an antibody that recognizes a particular antigen. Innate immunity: the first line of defense to infection - part i. Infectious disease can come about in several ways: 1. Some bacteria are entirely adapted to the pathogenic way of life in humans: they are never part of the normal microbiota (body has a symbiotic microbiota within the body), e. g. m . tuberculosis, 2. Some bacteria that were at some point part of the normal microbiota acquire extra virulence factors making them pathogenic, e. g. e. coli that (cid:272)auses (cid:862)ha(cid:373)(cid:271)u(cid:396)ge(cid:396) disease(cid:863: 3.
