ECO101H1 Lecture 11: Production and Costs Schedules

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cerisegiraffe538

11 May 2017

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Eco100 - lecture 11: production and costs schedules. Relates quantity of output to quantity of inputs. Short run: one input is fixed while one can vary. Short run: gm vary amounts of labour (overtime, lay-offs), cannot vary numbers of. Long run: gm can vary amount of labour and plants plants. Marginal product of a variable input, in the presence of a fixed input, eventually diminishes. Initially, when hiring, marginal output of each worker increases. At a certain point, adding points of variable factor gives diminishing returns. Makes all meals, attend all ovens, no specialization. Specialization occurs, helps on another, marginal product rises. Kitchen eventually becomes too crowded, chefs must wait to use ovens, etc. Total cost (tc): total of all costs. Total fixed cost (tfc) : total cost of fixed input. Total variable cost (tvc) : total cost of variable input. Marginal cost: increase in total cost / increase in output. If mp (production) rises, mc (cost) falls (and conversely)

Related Questions

1. The slope of the total product curve measures

a. the marginal rate of technical substitution.

b. marginal product.

c. average product.

d. the maximum average product.

e. minimum product.

2. The Law of Diminishing Returns to a variable input (such as labor) assumes that

a. there is at least one fixed input.

b. all inputs are changed by the same percentage.

c. the firm is operating in the short run.

d. all inputs are held constant.

e. a and c.

3. An isoquant curve identifies

a. the maximum output possible, given a fixed budget.

b. the different combinations of goods the can be produced, given fixed amounts of inputs.

c. the different combinations of inputs that can be used to produce a fixed rate of output.

d. none of the above.

4. The ratio of total productivity to the total quantity of a variable input being used in production is

a. equal to marginal physical productivity of the input.

b. constant as employment levels of the input vary.

c. equal to average physical productivity of the input.

d. equal to the marginal rate of technical substitution.

Consider Patâs Pizza Restaurantâs production decision in both the short-run and longârun. Pat wants to improve the productivity of the firm in the long run. Explain the types of input costs that might be fixed in the shortârun and types of costs that may be variable in the longârun. Provide examples for fixed inputs and variable inputs as well as fixed costs and variable costs for the Restaurant in the short run. What long run economic decisions should Pat make to increase productivity, minimize costs, and maximize profit?

Marginal Product of Capital	4,000
Marginal Produce of Labor	100
Wage Rate	$10
Rental Price of Pizza Ovens	$500

The law of eventually diminishing marginal returns: (Points : 1)

a. states that each and every increase in the amount of the variable factor employed in the production process will yield diminishing marginal returns.
b. is a mathematical theorem that can be logically proved or disproved
c. is the rate at which one input may be substituted for another input in the production process
d. None of the above

The marginal product is defined as: (Points : 1)

a. the ratio of total output to the amount of the variable input used in producing the output
b. the incremental change in total output that can be produced by the use of one more unit of the variable input in the production process
c. the percentage change in output resulting from a given percentage change in the amount of the variable input X employed in the production process with Y
d. None of the above

The rate at which one input X may be substituted for another input Y in a production process, while total output remains constant, is: (Points : 1)

a. the slope of the isoquant curve
b. the marginal rate of technical substitution

c. equal to MPx/MPy

d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Marginal revenue product is: (Points : 1)

a. defined as the amount that an additional unit of the variable input adds to the total revenue
b. equal to the marginal factor cost of the variable factor times the marginal revenue resulting from the increase in output obtained
c. equal to the marginal product of the variable factor times the marginal product resulting from the increase in output obtained
d. a and b
e. a and c

Marginal factor cost is defined as the amount that an additional unit of the variable unit of the variable input adds to ____________. (Points : 1)

a. marginal cost
b. variable cost
c. marginal rate of technical substitution
d. total cost
e. none of the above

In the Cobb-Douglas production function Q=aL^?1.K^?2 ______________. (Points : 1)

a. the marginal product of labor (L) is equal to ?1
b. the average product of labor (L) is equal to ?2
c. if the amount of labor input (L) is increased by 1 percent, then output will increase by ?1 percent
d. a and b
e. a and c