CSB332H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Visual Cortex, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Exocytosis
28 Jan 2014
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Narcoleptic dog: orexin, also called hypocretin, is the neuropeptide that is affected. Mutations in orexin receptors results in narcolepsy: narcolepsy is associated with deficits in the release of orexin or hypocretin. Dad carrying daughter to safety: endorphins are associated with the ability to modulate pain. Similar to exogenous substances (e. g. , morphine, vicodin, oxycontin: enhanced release of substance p in the spinal cord or in the trigeminal areas of the brain stem is associated with increased pain. Enkephalin is released by the substantia gelatinosa interneurons and inhibits the transmission of signals mediating pain: co-transmission of glutamate and substance p. Glutamate and substance p are released into the synapse by drg sensory neurons. Activates glutamate receptors and neurokinin receptors in the dorsal horn ascending commissural interneuron. Stimulates secondary sensory neurons (or third order sensory neurons) in the thalamus into the somatosensory cortex for final pain processing: to prevent that, you may want to stimulate the substantia gelatinosa interneurons.
