CHM136H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Orbital Hybridisation, Acetylene, Ethylene

• School: UTSG
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHM136H1
• Professor: Clive Scott Browning, Ronald Kluger

Document Summary

Chm136h1 s - lecture 5 - introduction sp hybridization. Hybridizes 2s and 2px orbitals to form 2 sp hybrids. The two hybrids are made of 50% character of the s orbital, and 50% p character. The resulting hybrids are at 180 degrees to each other, along x axis. Since unhybridized orbitals are along x-axis, hybridized orbitals are also along the axis. Choice of px is arbitrary; could have chosen py and pz instead. In ethyne, the left carbon uses the right-pointing hybrid orbital and the right carbon uses the left- pointing hybrid to bond to each other. Ethyne is composed of 3 sigma and 2 pi bonds. Two unhybridized orbitals, py and pz, form pi bonds. Linear = sp hybridized for all elements, not just carbon pi bonds form above and below internuclear axis. Note that a double bond is less than twice as strong as a single bond, because pi is weaker than sigma.