CHM135H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Polarizability, Unpaired Electron, Covalent Bond
90
CHM135H1 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
90 documents
Document Summary
Addition or two starting materials into 1 compound. Breaking of one compound into multiple substituents. # of substituents attached to carbon stays the same: atom attached to the carbon switches. ** in order for reactions to proceed- bonds must be broken and formed. Homolytic cleavage: electrons split evenly to two atoms creates radicals. Radicals: atoms with single unpaired electron (highly reactive & volatile) Homolytic bonding: each electron brings 1 electron to bond. Heterolytic cleavage: unequal electron distribution: electrons go to one atom- other atom gets nothing. Heterlytic bonding: one atom brings both shared electrons. Movement from electron rich electron poor atoms. Due to difference in electronegativity & polarizability. Electronegativity: more electronegative elements will pull electrons closer to themselves, and won"t lose electrons easily, more electronegative elements- gain electron pair. Polarizability: atoms w/ same electronegativity- more polarizable elements will get electron pair, polarizability: ability for electrons to shift around. Larger molecule = more space: larger molecules = higher polarizability.
