ANT100Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Homo Sapiens, Upper Paleolithic, Stone Tool
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Largest, densest sites are in the mouths of caves. Many have hearths: circular charcoal-filled areas 0. 5-1m across; often surrounded by rocks. Some open-air sites also known; always near fresh water source: spring lake, stream. Open-air sites: often stone quarries or animal kill sites. Few definite indications of structures, but probably had simple tents/shelters. Bounded concentrations of artifacts, e. g. : moldova, ukraine. Plants may have been eaten, but only a few examples of berries, nuts. Stable isotope analysis of neanderthal bones indicates very high meat consumption. Hunting was now definitely common, although scavenging may still have been important. Medium and large herbivores, e. g. : reindeer, deer, sheep, goats horses. Possibility of some fishing, bird hunting, small game. Some definite burials in europe and near east. Resemble other bones and tools in caves; hard to tell if intentionally put in. Dead body is squeezed in hole, not placed nicely on their back. Possibly simple to remove them from habitation areas.
