PSYC08H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Null Hypothesis, External Validity, The Foundations
Document Summary
Sampling and validity: why use samples instead of a population, have fun trying to collect data for an entire population. Internal validity: the degree to which an experiment measures what it"s supposed to, without measuring for something else. Variables: when designing an experiment, the researcher needs to operationally define the variables to be used in an experiment. Independent variable categorical: dependent variable continuous, correlation/regression, both variables are continuous, chi-squared (greek, both variables are categorical. Data types: what are categorical/qualitative data, data which can be observed but not measured, what are measurement/quantitative data, data which can be measured. Levels of measurement: nominal, categorical, discrete data, numbers don"t have intrinsic value, ordinal, ranked data. Intervals might not be equal (qualitatively order categories as more or less relative to each other) Interval: like ordinal, except intervals are equal, ratio, like interval, except there is a true zero value, the scale that you use will dictate the statistical test you will use, choose wisely.
