CITC09H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: City Beautiful Movement, Human Waste, Timgad
Document Summary
Lecture overview: pre-history, changing urban context, nineteenth-century antecedents. Seaports, which in europe grew as world trade increased. London, amsterdam, naples: early industrialization not urban (waterpower), this began to change after 1800, application of steam engine to manufacture, coal (not water) as power source. Industrial growth meant urban growth: mostly in major cities, big cities grew in numbers and in proportion to the population. Largest city (in the world) at 5. 6 million people in 1890: but conditions bad in other cities, notably berlin, paris, new york, berlin and paris twice as dense, upper classes and governments concerned and responded in various ways. In london, 1884 royal commission to study "housing of the working classes. : photographs from this study show conditions, narrow filthy streets. Sanitary reform: housing reform, town extension planning, urban design. Landscape design: civic art, sanitary reform, drastic increase in human waste with growing populations, and minimal sewer systems, waste was tossed onto the streets, drained into lakes, rivers, etc.
