CITB04H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Urban Sprawl, Global City, Golden Horseshoe
CITB04-Lecture 3: Development and Evolution of Cities
Review:
-Competing rationales for having governments:
oHaving a government that is closest to the people
Governance should happen where it is most efficient
oMunicipal cooperation
Picking up garbage, fixing potholes, etc.
oEmotional aspect having a government closest to the people and feel
represented so we feel as if they are respond to us does not match with the
municipal cooperation
-Toronto does not have First Nations impacting their local governance layout compared
to other cities throughout Canada
-Federal, provincial, and supporting organizations all impact how city politics occur
Forms of Municipal Organization:
-Lower Tier: set of municipalities, cities, not rep y those councils, those residents are
alsso represented by a single upper tier
oMunicipality of Peel, fractured decision-making
-Upper tier:
-Single tier: boundaries and the powers are the same
oPowers that Toronto has as a government, it is the same as the boundaries
-All concepts are derived from Ontario
oThe role that Toronto plays in Canada, it contributes 10% of GDP
oVery populated, various types of municipalities and identities
oMost relevant to us
oIt is the province that decides how municipalities are organized
-4 choices:
oLower tier only: repped by ONE city government who is making all the rules
oUpper tier only: big city (regional government only), has a population of 50% or
more of the regional population
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