BIOB34H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Essential Amino Acid, Olfactory Bulb, Chumming
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Overall Caloric Distribution (10 points)
Average kcals consumed ________________
Percent of goal for kcal _________________________ (kcals consumed divided by recommended kcal * 100)
Since carbohydrate and fat are largely used to meet kcal needs, it makes sense to look at our intake in terms of percent of total kcal rather than in absolute gram amounts.
Record the percent of kcals coming from carbohydrate and fat in your diet in the chart below. Do not confuse the percent of kcals with the percent of a goal.
To calculate, use the following formulas:
Determine number of kcals from each macronutrient consumed on an average day
kcals from CHO = grams of CHO consumed per avg. day X 4 kcals per g CHO
kcals from FAT = grams of FAT consumed per avg. day X 9 kcals per g FAT
Divide number of kcals from each macronutrient by total day kcals consumed
% of total daily kcals from CHO = kcals from CHO / total daily kcals
% of total daily kcals from FAT = kcals from FAT/ total daily kcals
(Ex. 200 grams of CHO consumed * 4 kcals per g CHO = 800 kcals of carbohydrate. 800 kcals of carbs / 2400 kcals total consumed = .33 * 100 = 33% or 33% of kcals came from carbohydrate)
Macronutrient | Recommended percent of kcal | Percent of kcal from nutrient in your diet |
Carbohydrate | 45 - 65 % of kcals | |
Fat | 20-35% of kcals |
Did you consume the appropriate percent of kcal from carbohydrates, protein and fat? If not, how might you adjust your kcal to better meet the recommendations and what changes in your food intake could accomplish this?
Carbohydrate Intake - Further Analysis (6 points)
*note: if you are using myplate, ignore the recommendation of 130 grams for total carbohydrate on your printout.....that is a minimum not a recommended amount
3. Average grams of fiber consumed ______________________.
4. Percent of goal for fiber ________________________ (average fiber consumed divided by fiber recommended * 100)
5. Are you getting enough fiber (100% of goal for question 4)? If not, how might you fix this?
6. Take a look at your list of foods....are lots of your kcals coming from sugar? Only 10% or less of your total kcals should be coming from refined (added) sugar...how do you think you did? ______________________________________________
Fat Intake - Further Analysis (8 points)
7. Average grams of saturated fat consumer per day:_______________________
8. Percent of kcals from saturated fat per day: ______________________________ (Hint: average grams of sat. fat consumed times 9 kcals per gram divided by total kcals consumed)
9. Did you consume more that 10% of your kcals from saturated fat? If so, how might you reduce saturated fat?
(you do not need to be worried about consuming too little since there are no essential fatty acids that are saturated)
note: if you are using diet analysis plus to evaluate your diet, you can look at the spreadsheet report to see how much of a given nutrient is in each food that you ate.. For example, if your saturated fat were high, you could look at the spreadsheet report to see what foods contributed the most saturated fat to the diet. You can then think about reducing portion size or making substitutions
10. Average milligrams of cholesterol per day: ____________________________________. Are you consuming more than 300 milligrams of cholesterol? If so, how might you reduce this?
11. Are you consuming foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids? If so, what are they? If not, how might you increase your intake of omega-3 fatty acids?
Protein Intake - Further Analysis (6 points)
12. What is your protein RDA? (Multiply your body weight in kilograms by 0.8 g PRO/kg)
13. Are you consuming an appropriate amount of protein? (Recommendation is to consume a minimum of the RDA amount and a maximum of twice the RDA)
14. If you are not within the range indicated in question 13, indicate how you might adjust your diet.
In what way did Harlanâs theory give rise to Diamondâs theory?
It recognized agriculture might have developed by different mechanisms in different parts of the world. |
Both make the assumption that hunter-gatherers were (and still are) superior to agriculturists. |
It recognized the reason agriculture did not develop in certain parts of the world was because people lacked the intelligence or skill. |
It is a basic case of scientific plagiarism - Diamonds theory is identical to Harlans theory. |
It recognized that agricultural societies were healthier and better fed than hunter-gatherer societies. What is the difference between classically bred varieties and landraces?
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Choose the single best answer
The inability of plants to move makes it difficult for them to:
Disperse seeds, defend themselves, and create oxygen. |
Disperse seeds. |
Disperse seeds and defend themselves. |
Create oxygen. |
Defend themselves. |
Vavilov hypothesized that in a crop plant's area of origin we should expect:
Greater diversity for trans-domesticated species, but lower diversity for species domesticated in their area of origin. |
Greater genetic diversity than in areas outside of the plant's area of origin. |
Lower genetic diversity than in areas outside of the plant's area of origin. |
Lower diversity for trans-domesticated species, but greater diversity for species domesticated in their area of origin. |
Greater herbivore damage because of increased genetic diversity. |
What is one type of information that can be gathered by archeologists who are studying dental caries (cavities) of ancient populations?
How many children the person had |
The time of year the person died |
How many conflicts they have been part of |
The types of tools used for planting/harvesting grains |
The type of plants they may have been consuming |
Brussel sprouts, cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower are all different varieties of the same species, Brassica oleracea. This group of plants demonstrates that crop breeding can lead to:
Low within variety and high between variety diversity |
High within variety and low between variety diversity |
Low within variety diversity |
High within variety and high between variety diversity |
High between variety diversity |
The repeated domestication of grasses (i.e., cereals) and legumes across the globe is likely because:
Early technologies allowed early agriculturalists the ability to communicate with each other over long distances to discuss what plants were best for domestication. |
Both already possessed all of the traits needed for domestication |
Both contain almost all of the amino acids our bodies need to build proteins. |
Human populations were often starving, and needed an additional food source |
Only grasses, not legumes, were repeatedly domesticated |
Norman Borlaug won the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize for:
Producing the first transgenic plant. |
His discovery that plant secondary metabolites play a role in defending plants from insects and diseases. |
Creating the FlavrSavr tomato. |
His work to create improved, high yield crop varieties that helped to prevent starvation. |
His discovery of the area of origin for maize. |
______________________ compounds are produced by plants, but are not necessary for the plant's immediate survival. However, they often help protect plants from being eaten.
Which of the following best demonstrates evolution?
A houseplant is moved to a sunnier location and it starts to grow more vigorously. |
Your pet walks to the door when it hears your car in the driveway. |
Over time, a gene for disease resistance becomes more frequent in a population of plants. |
A crop has a higher yield after fertilizer is added. |
A giraffe with a longer neck survives a drought year, while one with a shorter neck does not. |
In discussing the origin of agriculture, the term demographic stress refers to:
Lower productivity of un-cultivated plants due to late-Pleistocene cooling. |
A higher incidence of religious practice in societies following the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. |
The situation where human populations are greater than the carrying capacity of the environment. |
Hobbes's assertion that hunter-gatherer groups did not posses the knowledge or skills to develop agriculture. |
That the stresses on pre-domesticated plant species led to the development of traits that result in the "domestication syndromeâ |
What is the difference between genetically-modified and transgenic crops?
Genetically-modified crops are produced using modern techniques, while transgenic crops are produced through classical breeding. |
Transgenic crops are a type of genetically-modified crops, in which scientists have inserted genes from another species. |
Transgenic crops are illegal, while genetically-modified crops are not. |
They are the same. |
Genetically-modified crops are a type of transgenic crop specifically bred for high yield. |
What is one type of information that can be gathered by archeologists who are studying dental caries (cavities) of ancient populations?
The types of tools used for planting/harvesting grains |
How many children the person had |
How many conflicts they have been part of |
The time of year the person died |
The type of plants they may have been consuming -------------- What is the difference between genetically-modified and transgenic crops?
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