BIOB34H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Cotransporter, Reversal Potential, Epithelium
3 Oct 2016
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In absence of energy, mol always move down their electrochemical gradient until equilibrium is reached. Differentiate primary active transport from secondary active transport. Equilibrium occurs when the physical system is no longer changing. Equilibrium is something that needs to be resisted in order for an animal to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is consistency of the internal system in response to change in the external environment. To do this, you need to resist equilibrium from matching with the external environment. Ex: to maintain salt homeostasis in their body, fish that live in salt water must use energy to avoid salt equilibrium with the water in which they live. 2 ways animals prevent equilibrium from being reached. Most molecules (especially those with a charge) can"t pass through a lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Basically any polar molecule will not pass because the polar head of the phospholipid bilayer is polar as well so it just stays there.
